【作者】 胡伟； 杨敏丽；

【Author】 Huwei1 Yangminli2

【机构】 天津市农业机械局； 中国农业大学工学院；

【摘要】 农业机械化是农业生产力发展水平的主要标志,是农业现代化的重要组成部分。玉米作为我国目前的第二大农作物,无论是提高粮食综合生产能力,确保粮食安全,还是满足日益增长的饲料需求,都具有举足轻重的地位。我国玉米收获机械化水平仅为2.6%,成为玉米生产,甚至整个粮食生产机械化的薄弱环节。我国玉米收获机蕴藏着巨大的农业机械制造业和服务业市场,但是,玉米收获机械技术含量、产品质量差等因素,严重地影响了玉米收获机械的推广应用和机械化收获市场的启动。我国玉米收获机械化处在发展的初期阶段,适逢一个良好的发展机遇期。在一定区域,玉米收获存在一定时间差,并有紧迫的农时要求。玉米收获机械化发展,一要加快技术突破力度,实现不对行收获等关键技术的突破和成果转化;二要以政策扶持等方式加强技术推动;三要借鉴小麦等收获机械化发展的经验,政府、推广部门和企业主动地去启动机收市场,引导、组织农民进行跨区域机收,加速我国玉米收获机械化进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural mechanization, the key standard of the level of agricultural productivity development is the main part of agricultural modernization. As China’s second biggest crop, maize has an important position in increasing the comprehensive productivity of grain, ensuring food safety as well as meeting the demand of feedstuff. The level of the mechanization of maize-harvest is very low with a percentage of only 2.6% which results in the fact that maize-harvest become the weak link of maize production chain, even the whole mechanization of grain production. Although Chinese maize harvester has a big potential market in agricultural manufacturing industry and service industry, factors such as low technical content and quality, applicability of row spacing, and users have a big influence on the application of the maize harvesting machine and the startup of the mechanized harvesting market. The development of maize harvesting mechanization in China is in the initial stage with a good development opportunity. Based on the fact of time difference of maize harvesting and pressing farming season in certain regions, this paper tries to explain the method of maize harvesting mechanization in China from the following three respects: Firstly, quicken the pace of technology breakthrough to realize the transform of key technology such as row independent; Secondly, enhance the technology extension with the support of policy, etc; Thirdly, with the experience of wheat harvesting mechanization development, government, extension department and enterprises should start up the machinery harvesting market actively, then guide and organizing peasants to make the trans-regional harvest so as to quicken the pace of maize harvesting mechanization.更多还原