【作者】 雷廷武； 蔡甲冰； 屈丽琴；

【Author】 Lei Tingwu, Cai Jiabing, Qu Liqin(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083. China; National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100044, China)

【机构】 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院；

【摘要】 水资源短缺将成为影响社会、经济、生态环境持续发展的重要制约因素。本文讨论了当前水资源短缺的现状。叙述了农业水资源短缺的相对性:时间/季节的相对性;空间/地域的相对性;时空变异性;社会、经济、人口的相对性。探讨了农业水资源利用与社会经济发展的关系:农业节水技术应用与经济效益的关系;农业与工业竞争的矛盾;生态环境对水资源的需要。讨论了农业水资源利用与环境的关系:地下水超采;土地盐碱化;水土资源流失;水体污染,等。相应地提出了一些对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural shortage in water resources will be the main constraint factor for the sustainable development of social economy and environments. The present situation of water resources is briefed. Water resources shortage has its relativities in time/seasons, space/regions, variations temporally and spatially, as well as social economy and population aspects. The utilization of water resources is closely related to social economy development. The adoption of water-efficient technologies relies on their economical impacts; industries have more economical advantages in getting water resources with agriculture. Agricultural water resources will also be constricted by ecological requirement in water resources. Agricultural water use is also closely associated with environmental problems such as over exploration of groundwater resources, secondary salinization of farm lands, soil losses and water runoff, and pollution of water bodies. Some possible ways are suggested for efficient use of water resources in agriculture.更多还原