【作者】 车瑞俊； 刘大锰； 袁杨森；

【Author】 CHE Rui-jun LIU Da-meng YUAN Yang-sen School of Energy Resources,China University of Geoseience,Beijing 100083,China

【机构】 中国地质大学能源学院；

【摘要】 北京市大气颗粒物造成的城市空气污染仍是目前亟待解决的问题之一。为了分析北京市大气颗粒物的污染水平及其影响因素,作者以大气中的 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5为研究对象,于2005年冬季在北京市范围内设立了5个功能区 （9个采样点）进行采样监测,通过对不同空间和时间范围内所采集到的 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5质量浓度的对比来分析大气颗粒物的空间分布和时间变化特征,并建立起 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5质量浓度与风力、温度、湿度、逆温等气象条件的对应关系来分析各种气象因素对大气颗粒物污染水平的影响。结果表明,受冬季燃烧源的影响,北京市冬季 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5 污染比较严重,不同区域的 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5的污染程度为：交通干道区＞工业区,清洁对照区＞商业区＞居民区,且 PM_2．5质量浓度的空间分布并不完全同于 PM₁₀,这主要是与采样点所处的环境中不同污染源影响的强弱有关；气象条件稳定时,PM₁₀和 PM_2．5质量浓度的日变化表现出一定的规律性,这种时间变化的特征主要取决于所在环境中排放的污染物变化情况；夜间逆温强度大、时间长,使得采样期内夜间颗粒物浓度总体上高于日间排放浓度；气象条件是影响 PM₁₀和 PM_2．5污染程度的重要因素,在一定的范围内,颗粒物质量浓度随着温度的上升而下降,随着相对湿度的升高而增加,随着风力的增强而降低,随逆温层的生成及增强而增高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The air pollution caused by atmospheric particulates in Beijing city is one of the problems to be solved.In order to analyze the pollution level of atmospheric particulates in Beijing city and the influence factors,with the research on PM₁₀ and PM_2.5,the authors sampled at nine areas in Beijing city during winter in 2005.The spatial distribution and temporal variation of atmospheric particulates were analyzed with the comparison of the mass concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 sampled at 5 functional regions（9 sampling areas）during different periods,and the influence of meteorological factors was analyzed based on the relationship of the mass concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 with weather conditions such as temperature, wind speed and relative humidity.The results are concluded as follows.Being effected by the combustion source,the pollution situation during winter in Beijing is very serious.Because of the influence of pollution sources at each sampling area,the pollution level of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in different regions reduces from main traffic road region to industrial region to clean contrast region to commercial region and residential region.And not all the spatial distribution of the concentrations of PM_2.5 ate the same as PM₁₀.As weather conditions keep stable,the hourly variation of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations presents regularly,the temporal variation mostly depends on the variety of contaminations released to the environment. Because the temperature inversion lasts longer time and is stronger at night during winter,the atmospheric particulate concentrations at night are generally higher than those in daytime.Weather conditions are the important influence factors of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 pollution level,the concentrations of atmospheric particulates decrease with the rise of the temperature and wind speed,increase with the increase of relative humidity.When the temperature inversion layer forms and becomes stronger,the concentrations of atmospheric particulates increase.更多还原