【作者】 张玉玺； 周学家； 姜海滨； 王世信； 刘爱英； 刘信艺； 贺光明； 常建波； 曹旭清；

【Author】 Zhang Yuxi Zhou Xuejia Jiang Haibin Wang Shixin Liu Aiying Liu Xinyi He Guangming Chang Gianbo (Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Shandong Province)

【机构】 山东省海洋水产研究所； 乳山市水产研究所；

【摘要】 于1990～1992年间,在黄、渤海山东近海进行了海上魁蚶大面定点探捕和魁蚶生产、魁蚶分布区的水文、地质、生物等调查研究表明：魁蚶的主要分布区生态指标是水深20～30 未、底质为泥质粉砂和砂质粉砂质泥、水温为-1～26℃、盐度为30～33‰。饵料为硅藻、敌害为海星类和肉食贝、鱼类等．魁蚶在壳长0．5～1．0厘米时全部具有潜泥能力。魁蚶具有垂直移动现象：冬季潜入海底,夏季上移露出海底,秋季下潜,至冬季全潜海底。魁蚶夏季具有水平移动现象,其移动速度为3～10米/日。魁蚶初次性成熟年龄为2龄,完全性成熟年龄为3龄；怀卵量3500 ～5500万粒,排卵量为3000～5000万粒；产卵水温、盐度分别为19～24℃和29～33‰。产卵期为6～9月。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is engaged in the large scale surveys of Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck) from 1990 to 1992 in Shandong offshore.According to the survey results,the geographic dis- tribution and ecological specility of Scapharca broughtonii in Shandong offshore were in- vestigated.They perch in the gritty sandy silt and muddy sand bottom with the water temperature from-1℃ to 26℃,salinity from 30‰ to 33‰,water depth from 20 m to 30 m.They mainly feed on Bacillariophyta.The enemy organisms are Asteroidea and predatory shellfish and fishes etc..Some of them have the ability to go under the bottom when their shell length is 0.5-1.0 cm,while all of them have that ability when their shell length is over 2 cm.They have a vertical movement:under the bottom in winter and over the bottom in summer.They also have a horizontal movement in summer,the mov- ing speed is 3-10m/day.The first maturity time is in 2 years,but complete maturity needs over 3 years.The brood amount of Scapharca broughtonii is 35-55 million,and the spawn amount is 30-50 million.The spawning term is during June and July with the water temperature of 19-24℃ and salinity of 29-33‰.更多还原