【作者】 王学彤； 孙阳昭； 李兴红； 刘秀芬； 徐晓白；

【Author】 Wang Xue-tong, Sun Yang-zhao, Li Xing-hong, Liu Xiu-fen, Xu Xiao-bai State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085; Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering of Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072)

【机构】 上海大学环境与化工学院环境污染与健康研究所； 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 以HCB、α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p’-DDT,o,p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD,α-氯丹, γ-氯丹、七氯和环氧七氯为目标分析物,用气相色谱分析法对官厅水库10种鱼中的持久性有机氯农药残留进行了定量测定．13种持久性有机氯农药总量、HCB、∑HCHs(α-、β-、γ-和δ-HCH浓度之和)、∑DDTs(p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT和p,p’-DDT之和)、∑Chlordanes(α-氯丹和γ-氯丹之和)和∑Heptachlors(七氯和环氧七氯之和)分别为8．76-44．70 ng／g、0．23-1．36 ng／g、1．51-9．45 ng／g、7．22- 35．08ng/g、0．04-0．26ng／g和0．01-0．13ng／g,其平均值分别为22．35、0．76、4．71、16．64、0．17和0．07 ng／g．有机氯农药总量在各种不同鱼体中的残留浓度次序为池沼公鱼>麦穗鱼>棒花鱼>黄头鱼>黄颡鱼> 鲫鱼>噘嘴鲢>噘嘴鲢、白鲦>大银鱼．大银鱼、噘嘴鲢和白鲦更适于食用,其次是鲫鱼和火鳞片．五类有机氯农药(六氯苯、六六六、滴滴涕、氯丹和七氯)的残留水平次序为∑DDTs>∑HCHs>HCB> ∑Chlordanes>∑Heptachlors,六六六、滴滴涕为主要残留组分,分别占有机氯农药总量的7．56％-37．50％和56．94％-88．21％.在所分析的4种六六六异构体中,β-HCH在10种鱼样中含量最高,其次是γ-HCH,大多数鱼体中α-HCH/γ-HCH<1,表明六六六残留主要来源于过去的使用,但也可能存在近期的林丹输入;而在p,p’-DDT及其异构体和代谢产物中,p,p’-DDE含量最高,其次是p,p’-DDD,大多数鱼体中(p, p’-DDE+p,p’-DDD)/ p,p’-DDT的比值大于10,表明DDT残留是由过去的使用造成的。与世界各地鱼样的分析结果相比,官厅水库鱼体中有机氯农药的残留水平较低;所测鱼体中的六六六和滴滴涕均远低于我国淡水鱼类卫生标准规定值,与美国和加拿大的有关标准相比也不超标,表明目前官厅水库鱼体中的六六六和滴滴涕残留对人和野生动物没有风险．更多还原

【Abstract】 The concentration of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) selected in 10 fish species from Guanting reservoir was investigated to evaluate the pollution potentials and distribution of OCPs. All organochlorine pesticides analyzed were detected at lower residue levels and the concentrations were in the range of 8.76-44.70 ng/g for total OCPs (∑OCPs), 0.23-136 ng/g for HCB, 1.51-9.45 ng/g for ∑HCH (sum of α-, β-, γ- and δ-HCH), 7.22-35.08 ng/g for ∑DDT (sum of p, p-DDE, p, p’-DDD, o,p-DDT and p, p’-DDT), 0.04-0.26 ng/g for ∑Chlordanes (sum of α-chlordane and γ-chlordane) and 0.01-0.13 ng/g for ∑Heptachlors (sum of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide). The mean concentrations of total OCPs, HCB, ∑HCH, ∑DDT, ∑Chlordanes and ∑Heptachlors were 22.35,0.76,4.71,16.64,0.16 and 0.07 ng/g, respectively. ∑OCPs, HCB, ∑HCH and ∑DDT significantly correlated with lipid content (%). DDTs and HCHs were predominant pesticides in fish samples studied, accounting for 7.56%-37.5% and 56.94%-88.21% of ∑OCPs, respectively. Among 4 isomers of HCH, β-HCH is dominant, accounting for 22.94%-62.04% of ∑HCHs. The concentration of each HCH isomer in most fish samples decreased in the order: β-HCH > γ-HCH > α-HCH > δ-HCH. The p,p’-DDE was the predominant DDT homologue among p,p’-DDT and its isomer and metabolites in all fish samples and ranged between 6.49-25.43 ng/g with a mean value of 13.47 ng/g, accounting for 72.48-89.82% with an average of 80.97% of ∑DDT. The relative content of each DDT congener in most fish samples decreased in the order: p,p’-DDE > p,p’-DDD > p,p’-DDT > o,p’-DDT. Results were compared to other water bodies and to existing related quality guidelines. We may conclude that the residual persistent organochlorine pesticides in fish samples investigated are lower and pose no threat to human health and wildlife fed upon them. However, recent input for lindane might still exist in the area investigated and further investigation should be carried on in order to ascertain whether recent input for lindane into the area occurred and where it came from if it really existed.更多还原