【作者】 沈永明；

【Author】 Shen Yongming (.School of Geography Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang College, Nanjing, 210017)

【机构】 南京晓庄学院地理科学学院；

【摘要】 江苏沿海中部在辐射沙洲的屏蔽下,成为典型的淤长性岸段。滩涂土壤具有特殊的肥力特征。本文通过对东台市笆斗垦区这一典型淤长性海岸外侧潮滩断面的地形测量和盐土植被群落调查,结合历年TM遥感卫星影像图片,选择了5个地点,分别代表海堤内茅草滩、海堤外茅草滩、原生盐蒿滩、由互花米草演替而来的盐蒿滩及互花米草滩,并对各代表点进行群落样方调查和土壤采样,对土壤样品进行有机质含量、总氮含量等肥力特征的分析。结果表明:a.1号点的有机质和全氮最高,分别为1.632%和0.067%,3号点的全磷最高,为0.151%,而5号点的全钾和全盐最高,分别为1.724%和1.823%。b.1号点的有机质和全氮在表层非常高,到第二层急剧下降,再往下变化也较小,其变化幅度明显高于其他点。c.各点土壤的平均粒径从1号点向5号点逐渐变粗。最后,本文对这些土壤肥力特征和盐生植被的关系进行了分析和讨论,指出凡受互花米草影响的土壤,其垂直变化梯度较小,而其它盐土植被类型土壤的垂直变化梯度较大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The middle part of Jiangsu coasts, with a width of 200 km sheltered by a large radial sandbank (or tidal current ridge) system of the southwestern Yellow Sea, are characterized by aggradational muddy substrate which supports a variety of densely distributed halophytic plants. The intertidal mudflat is plane with an average gradient of 0.2%. The halophytic plants succession and associated soil show a zonal spatial distribution from the bank to the sea. In addition, both the introduce of Spartina alterniflora in this area and reclamation farming play an important role in the soil fertility. In this contribution, five sites are determined for the geomorphological and plant observations on the basis of historical TM images, which are seaward crossing the intertidal mudflat on Badou Area, Dongtai, which represent 5 types of halophyte communities. They are: (a) Imperata cylindrica Var. Major. and Aeluropus littoralis var. Sinensis inside the sea wall, (b) Imperata cylindrica Var. Major. and Aeluropus littoralis var.sinensis outside the sea wall, (c) original Suaeda salsa, (d) Suaeda salsa succeeded from Spartina alterniflora, and (e) Spartina alterniflora. At each sites, the soil samples are collected at 8 heights with a thickness of 0.1 m., i.e. 0～0.10 m、0.10～0.20 m、0.20～0.30 m、0.30～0.40 m、0.40～0.50 m、0.50～0.60 m、0.60～0.70 m、0.70～0.80 m. Then the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphor, total kalium, salinity and particle size are measured for all the soil samples. The measurements indicate that the organic matter and total nitrogen at the site inside seawall are higher than that at other sites, it is 1.632% and 0.067% respectively. Nevertheless, at this site the both values show a peak at the surface layer, and then decrease strongly towards the lower depth. However, they are observed relative uniform within the soil column at other 4 sites. The maximum total phosphor, i.e. 0.151%, is present at the site covered by original Suaeda salsa. The Spartina alterniflora grows at the lower tidal flat where the soil is characterized by very high values of total kalium and salinity (e.g. 1.724% and 1.823%, respectively). Thus, the relationship between halophyte and soil fertility is identified that the chemical and physical parameters, i.e. organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphor, total kalium, salinity and particle size in the soil covered by Spartina alterniflora are almost uniform within the whole depth, but in the soil by other halophyte community varies strongly downwards. Furthermore, the particle size becomes coarse towards the sea due to the fine-grained sediment transport and accumulation over the intertidal mudflats associated with strong tidal currents and abundant silt sediment available in the study area.更多还原