【作者】 任立良； 刘新仁；

【Author】 Ren liliang Liu Xinren( College of Water Resources and Environment, Hehai University, Nanjing 210098)

【机构】 河海大学水文水资源及环境学院；

【摘要】 本文考虑流域空间差异性,基于数字高程模型,构建数字流域,并在此基础上对流域水文物理过程的数字方法进行了探讨,认为数字水文模型是一种有物理基础的大容量信息的现代模拟技术.史灌河流域实例研究表明,数字水文模型可以十分方便地输出水文要素和状态变量的空间分布与时间序列,这对充分利用现有观测信息和水文信息的深层次挖掘创造了条件.更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of computer science and digital technique such as Digital Terrain Model (DIM) provides a solid technical foundation for the revolution of hydrological modeling. The spatial distribution of land surface characteristics, such as topography, land-cover, soil, watershed divide boundary, drainage network, catchment area, could be expressed digitally, so as to avoid using the conventional manual man-ner . Thus the digital hydrological model emerges. This digital hydrological model is a modern, physically-based modeling technique containing a large amount of information. It is a DTM-based distributed model, and the combination of subcatchment-based digital runoff generation model with digital streamflow routing model. In this research, the Xin` anjiang Model is applied for the development of digital rainfall-runoff model over each subcatchment that is generated and numbered by the DTM automatically. The raster-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Shiguanhe Catchment with 5 930 km2 of area, intensified observa-tion field for the HUBEX/GAME Project, is created by ARC/INFO software. The Digital Elevation Drain-age Network Model (DEDNM) developed by Martz and Garbrecht is used for automated drainage network generation, subcatchment delineation, and topological evaluation of the drainage networks. On the basis of the above result, the digital hydrological model could be developed. In this presentation, the Xin anjiang Model is applied to each subcatchment, which is more or less homogeneous, for runoff production. Those subcatchments are connected to the drainage network where runoff is routed by the Muskingum method from the outlet of each subcatchment to the specified site. The digital hydrological model performed very well when used in simulating hourly or daily flood hydrograph in the Shiguanhe Catchment during the wet season of 1998. In addition, spatial distributions and time series of hydrological elements, such as precipitation, evaporation, runoff, discharge, and state variable such as soil moisture could be easily obtained by the digital hydrological model, and displayed with the help of GIS software. That is different from traditional hydrological models.更多还原