【作者】 郭吉春； 叶乃兴； 何孝延； 张文锦； 杨如兴； 陈志辉；

【Author】 Guo Jichun, Ye Naixing, He Xiaoyan, Zhang Wenjin, Yang Ruxing, Chen Zhihui (Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 355000)

【机构】 福建省农科院茶叶研究所；

【摘要】 本文概述乌龙茶品种资源的现状、研究进展与主要成果。乌龙茶品种资源分布在我国的闽、粤、台三省,集中于武夷山、安溪与潮安一带。原产地和福建省农科院茶叶所现都分别建立了乌龙茶品种资源圃,收集保存当地主要乌龙茶种质资源和新品种(系)。闽、粤、台通过审(认)定或命名的乌龙茶品种37个。近二十年福建在收集保存乌龙茶品种资源的基础上,比较系统地鉴定评价其农艺性状、加工品质、抗寒性和叶肉细胞解剖结构、染色体倍数性、酯酶同工酶、生化品质成份、乌龙茶香气成份等。提出乌龙茶品种资源若干生物性状的基本特征及性状选择指标。筛选出20多份高香优质资源,育成通过审定的品种12个(认定的品种9个),选育出10多个品种(系), 鉴定推广十大武夷名枞。展望21世纪,乌龙茶品种资源的研究成果将对乌龙茶产业的发展产生重大影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reviewed current situation of Chinas Oolong tea germplasm resource, its research advance and obtained achievements over past 20 years in Fujian Province. Ooiong tea germplasm resource distributes in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces, but mainly concentrates in its original places, the Wuyi Mountains, Anqi and Chaoan counties. Since 1980 the germplasm resource gardens of Oolong tea have been set up in the original places and in the Tea Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, where Oolong tea species were collected and preserved. Up to now, 37 Oolong tea cultivars have been identified, evaluated and named in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan provinces. The methods of individual selection and clonal propagation are used to breed new cultivars. Most of Oolong tea cultivars are clonal ones in Fujian province. In recent 20 years, the identification and evaluation of Oolong tea gemplasm resources were focused on their agronomic character, processed quality, cold resistance, anatomical characters of mesophyll, chromosome ploidy, lipase isozyme, biochemical and aromatic components. Based on those factors, the major biological character of Oolong tea germplasm resources and selection index for cultivar character were put forward. More than 20 Oolong tea germplasm resources featured with strong aroma were selected; 12 Oolong tea cultivars were bred out and approved (nine were registered); 10 fine cultivars put into extension in Oolong tea producing regions. Achievements from Oolong tea cultivar research are sure to play an important role on Oolong tea production in the 21 st century.更多还原