【作者】 赵锁奇； 许志明； 孙学文； 徐春明；

【Author】 Zhao Suoqi, Xu Zhiming, Sun Xuewen, Xu Chunming State key Laboratory of Hea Oil Processing, University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249

【机构】 石油大学重质油加工国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 对重油深度梯级分离的必要性、分离过程的体系相态和分离工艺进行了深入系统的研究。采用超临界流体萃取分馏技术,以戊烷为溶剂对2 0余种国内外重质油进行了深度切割分离,得到多个5 %窄馏分和萃余残渣,总萃取率可以达到75 %～90 % ,研究了重质油烃类分子结构及性质、组成关系,重质油硫、氮、金属的分布以及重质油化学结构与加工性能的关系。发现萃余残渣富集了沥青质及硫、氮及金属等对产品和加工过程、催化剂极为不利有害组分,应在进一步加工前进行脱除。用RUSKA2 370 - 6 0 1型高压全自动双釜无汞PVT装置研究了大港减压渣油与nC5体系的相态特性,分别测定了体系的液-液分相压力、液-液气分相压力及相点压力,为确定工艺条件提供数据。采用处理量为1 0kg/hr的三段超临界流体梯级萃取分离装置,以正戊烷为溶剂萃取石油渣油,研究了梯级分离工艺条件对萃取物收率和质量的影响,结果表明脱沥青油收率高达80 %～90 % ,沥青质及金属脱除率高,是优良二次加工原料。开发了新的高软化点沥青与溶剂低温分离方法(10 0℃左右) ,并实现萃余硬沥青的直接造粒,可将高软化点(>15 0℃)沥青直接制成平均粒径10 0 μm的颗粒,替代传统的高温蒸发分离沥青与溶剂方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation was used to prepare narrow-cuts from a variety of petroleum vacuum residua The narrow-cuts and endcut were subjected to comprehensive characterization and solubility class separation into saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions Unlike the bulk property measurements, the narrow-cut characterization data show uneven distribution of key contaminants (with the concentration increasing) as the fraction becomes heavier It shows the endcuts remained after extraction are harmful to further processing of heavy oil and must be removed Phase behavior of the systems, which were composed of Dagang vacuum residue with pentane was observed in a high pressure PVT instrument Liquid-liquid immiscibility(L-L), liquid-liquid-vapor region(L-L-V), liquid-vapor(L-V) region and upper critical end point(UCEP) A continuous three-stage supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process with capacity of 1 0 kg/hr was setup to extract petroleum residue by pentane to obtain more oil for further upgrading A discharging system integrated to the bottom of extractor was used to recover solvent as gas while asphalt was obtained as fine particles The influence of operating conditions on the yield and quality of extracts, i e , deasphalted oil (DAO) and resin were studied in the range of temperature 150-220℃, pressure of 4 0-6 0MPa and ratio of solvent to feed (S/F) 2 5-5 0(wt/wt) The particle size distribution, apparent forms and the packing density, which vary with operating pressure, were measured The particle structures were observed by SEM as well With the modification to conventional processes, furnace can be eliminated for solvent recovery from asphalt phase, so as to reduce energy consumption更多还原