【作者】 龙春林； 蔡秀珍； 李恒； 刘克明；

【Author】 Long Chunlin Cai Xiuzhen Li Heng Liu Keming Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204; College of Life and Environment Sciences, China Nationality University, Beijing, 100081; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081

【机构】 中国科学院昆明植物研究所； 湖南师范大学生命科学学院；

【摘要】 芋属植物是天南星科中最重要的类群,是世界上4 000万人的主要食用植物,又具有很高的观赏价值,同时也是构成热带石灰岩季雨林植物区系的成分之一,具有重要的科学意义,长期为植物学家、园艺学家和农学家所关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Colocasia is the most important group in Araceae, in which taro (Colocasia esculenta) is the staple food crop for more than four million people of the world. Colocasia is with great ornamental value. It consists of a floristic component in the tropical limestone secondary forests, and is with scientific significance. The genus has been paid attention by botanists, horticulturists and agriculturalists for a long history. The global Colocasia taxa had been surveyed and revised, and 13 species and 2 varieties had been discovered. Among these species and varieties, seven species and one variety were the new taxa which were described by the authors from Yunnan in recent years. The newest revised list are as follows, 1) C. bicolor C.L. Long et L.M. Cao; 2) C. esculenta (L). Schott, var. esculenta (Nakai) Schorl, var. antiquorum (Schott) Hubbard et Rehder; 3) Colocasia fallax Schott; 4) C. fontanesii Schott; 5) C. konishii Hayata; 6) C. gaoligongensis H. Li et C.L. Long; 7) C. gigantea (Blume) Hook. f.; 8) C. gongii C.L. Long et H. Li; 9) C. heterochroma H. Li et Z.X. Wei; 10) C. jeningsii Hook, f.; 11) C. lihengiae C.L. Long et K.M. Liu, var. li-hengiae C.L. Long et K.M. Liu, var. nigra C.L. Long; 12) Colocasia tomentosa C.L. Long (C. menglaensis J. T. Yin, H. Li et Z.F. Xu); 13) Colocasia yunnanensis C.L. Long et X.Z. Cai. There is very rich diversity in Colocasia, including the diversity of ecological environment, morphological variation, chromosome numbers and karyotypes, pollination types and so on. The germplasm resources of Colocasia have been collected. There are rich genetic resources in the cultivated species (C. esculenta, C. gigantea), especially many local landraces occurring in the regions dwelled by ethnic groups. Among 13 described Colocasia taxa, 11 distribute in Yunnan, and concentrate in the southwest region of Yunnan. Associated with the morphological and cytological evidences, it is speculated that southwest Yunnan and its adjacent areas are the diversity center and genetic resource distribution center of Colocasia. ITS sequences (include ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2) of eight species and one variety of Colocasia were analyzed using two methods, gene sequencing and cloned sequencing. Two species’ ITS sequences were obtained from the GenBank, and one was from Alocasia macrorrhiza. Among the 12 ITS sequences, 265 sites were variable, 114 sites were informative. The contents of GC of the sequences were between 64.79%-66.62%. It is difficult to analyze ITS sequences of some species in Colocasia. The result shows that ITS sequences are useful for reconstructing the phylogeny of Colocasia. The results which were phylogenetically analyzed using MegAlign software show that, 1) Colocasia Schott is a monophyletic group; 2) From a comprehensive view of morphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny, we consider that C. gigantea could occupy a single section including only one species, viz. Sect. Gigantea; and 3) The study also ind更多还原