【作者】 卢宝荣；

【Author】 Lu Baorong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433

【机构】 教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室复旦大学生物多样性研究所；

【摘要】 植物资源的有效保护是其遗传多样性可持续利用的前提,目前对植物资源的保护最常用的方法是迁地保护(ex situ conservation)和就地保护(in situ conservation)。但是无论是哪一种保护方法,均期望能够在植物资源的遗传多样性分布热点(hotspot)尽多地保护植物通过长期进化积累的遗传多样性 (或遗传变异),这就涉及植物资源遗传多样性保护策略的制定。在就地保护过程中,应当准确地选择保护点的植物居群,使其包含该植物种类的丰富遗传多样性和较高的进化潜力;而在迁地保护的过程中,则应该在居群取样时能够以尽可能小的样本量来包含该植物居群尽可能高的遗传多样性,即遗传多样性的有效取样策略。植物资源就地保护对策和迁地保护的取样策略的制定,均在很大程度上取决于对该保护物种遗传基础的研究。对被保护植物种类或居群遗传多样性丰度(richness)和地理空间分布(evenness)的了解,有助于我们在物种水平了解植物资源的遗传多样性,从而制定有效的保护策略。而对于迁地保护的植物居群取样,也在很大程度上取决于对该物种不同居群内的遗传多样性水平及其随样本量变化趋势和规律、居群内小尺度、空间遗传结构的研究,这将有利于制定有效的居群取样策略。对于植物资源的上述群体遗传学基础的研究和信息积累,将决定我们保护的植物资源是否包含了具有能够代表物种水平和居群水平的遗传多样性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effective biodiversity conservation is the prerequisites for long-term availability and sustainable use of plant genetic resources (PGR). To date, the most common approaches to conserving PGR are ex-situ (also referred to as off-site) and in-situ (on-site) conservation. Regardless of the approaches applied, the primary objectives of conservation are always aimed for optimal preserveing and safeguarding the rich genetic variation of plant species that accumulated from long-standing evolutionary processes, particularly in the hotspots of genetic diversity. The successful conservation of PGR relies essentially on the strategic design and implementation, which is called conservation strategies. For in-situ conservation, it is very important to accurately select conservation sites and populations that contain the most abundant genetic diversity and have continued evolutionary potential for the plant species. For ex-situ conservation, it is fundamental to collect the minimum number of samples that encompass the most abundant genetic diversity with the effective sampling strategy. Consequently, no matter which of the conservation approaches are applied in practices, determining basic genetic diversity of a plant species and its geographical distribution at large (among populations) and fine (within populations) scales should be the highest priority among the conservation activities. It is very obvious that qualified studies of genetic background of targeted plant species will facilitate the effective conservation of PGR. Academic studies of genetic variation in targeted plant species and their correlation with geographical distribution will assist in our understanding of genetic diversity of PGR at the species level, therefore, facilitating the design of effective conservation strategies. The acceptable sampling strategies play an essential role in the ex-situ conservation activities, because whether the samples collected in a population represent the maximum genetic diversity of a plant population particularly relies on our studies of genetic variation patterns with the change of sample size and genetic structures at the fine scale. All the infonnation accumulated from the above-mentioned fundamental population genetic studies of plant species and populations will determine whether the conserved PGR contains the maximum genetic diversity that well represents the targeted species or populations.更多还原