【作者】 傅洪拓； 龚永生； 吴滟； 何新龙； 闻海波；

【Author】 Fu Hongtuo,Gong Yongsheng,Wu Yan,He Xinlong,Wen Haibo (Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081 ,China)

【机构】 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心；

【摘要】 青虾是在我国广泛分布的淡水经济虾类,在华东地区,青虾养殖规模很大。但随着养殖规模的不断扩大,青虾种质已出现严重的退化,为了促进青虾养殖业的可持续发展,必须对青虾进行遗传改良。要进行遗传改良,就必须对现有的青虾资源和多态性进行调查,摸清我国青虾各地方种群的遗传分化情况,为遗传改良提供素材。本文采样几个有代表性的青虾地方种群,测定了多种形态学指标,并运用SPSS软件进行统计学处理,比较各地方种群的形态学差异,并计算相互间的遗传距离。结果发现不同水系间和同一水系不同地区的青虾的形态特征、体型模式等都存在显著差异,青虾形态存在广泛的多态性。统计分析表明,形态学差异是随着纬度变化而变化的。同一纬度的东西方向差异小,如江苏太湖、安徽六安和湖北洪湖;而来自不同纬度的青虾,其形态学差异则相对明显,如长江水系青虾与广东青虾。此外,同一地区的天然水域青虾与养殖青虾也存在形态学差异,如太湖青虾与吴江青虾。本项工作将对我国青虾资源的保护和青虾遗传改良起到参考作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Macrobrachium nipponense is an important freshwater prawn distributed widely in China. It is cultured in eastern China with a large scale. Recently however, M. nipponense farming has seriously declined due to diseases and lower sizes available for markets. Genetic improvement may help this situation as well as the investigation of polymorphism will help genetic improvement of M. nipponens.As a result,we collected several populations from different areas of China and measured their morphological parameters. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS software. Results indicated extensive intraspecific morphological variations existed between populations from different regions. Statistical analysis suggested that the intraspecific morphological variations seems to be in latitudinal but not longitudinal in M. nipponense. It means that the variations between populations from different latitudinal regions were larger than that from different longitudinal regions. In addition, the morphological variations were also found between natural and cultured M. nipponense though they lived in the same area. Our work will be significant and valuable for resource protection and genetic improvement of M. nipponense.更多还原