【作者】 潘清清； 邱庆连； 刘问； 郝珂； 陈昌福； 钱冬；

【Author】 PANG Qingqing1,2,3 QIU Qinglian1 LIU Wen1 HAO Ke1 CHEN Changfu2 QIAN Dong1 (1 Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001,China;2 College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China,3 Sanmen county Ocean and Fisheries Bureau,Sanmen,317100 China)

【机构】 浙江省淡水水产研究所； 华中农业大学； 三门县海洋与渔业局；

【摘要】 青蟹越冬是青蟹养殖过程中利润极高的环节,但越冬养殖过程受气候、水环境、病害等方面的影响,目前对青蟹越冬的技术关键还缺乏了解,使得青蟹越冬养殖风险很高。越冬青蟹有时疾病和大批死亡可集中在几天内发生,且无有效的控制手段。近年来,免疫增强剂成为甲壳动物病害防控的重要手段。作者通过青蟹免疫增强剂的筛选以对试验塘养殖青蟹免疫增强剂注射和投喂结果,选择出能显著提高锯缘青蟹免疫指标和存活率的免疫增强剂青蟹免疫增强剂1号(CIS-1)、青蟹免疫增强剂2号(CIS-2)、肽聚糖(PG)、弧菌脂多糖(LPS)等。作者将筛选的免疫增强剂应用于越冬期养殖的疾病防控,以评估免疫增强剂在越冬期病害防控中的应用。通过对越冬试验锯缘青蟹养殖注射CIS-1、CIS-2、PG、LPS,测定青蟹血淋巴中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、血清抗菌活力等指标,结果表明:注射免疫增强剂后,试验组ALP活力均高于对照组,其中以CIS-2效果最好;SOD、POD和PO的活力最高值分别可达18.55U/mgprot、0.16 U/mL和38.16 U/mL,分别比对照提高了50%、100%、176 %:注射CIS-1和LPS组,16d时POD活力最高可达0.14 U/mL,比对照提高75%;计算越冬养殖45d后各试验组的青蟹存活率,CIS-1、CIS-2、PG存活率分别为73%、82%、70%,均高于对照组。对浙江省三门县某青蟹越冬场生产性越冬青蟹进行了免疫增强剂试验,试验青蟹分别注射CIS-1和CIS-2,15d后青蟹血清ALP、PO、SOD活力等免疫指标比对照均有所提高,30d后CIS-1和CIS-2注射组存活率为71%、88%,比对照组提高分别20.33%、49.15%。上述试验表明免疫多糖可提高青蟹的免疫力和越冬存活率,有良好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mud crab over-winter cultivation is main high profit period of mud cultivation with high risk, caused by cold weather,poor water quality and various unknown diseases.The key technique for over-winter cultivation remained un-clear.Mass mortality occurred in few days without any effective control or treatments.Immuno-stimulants,successfully usage in crustacean diseases control in recent years,are considered the post strategies for control the diseases and unknown deaths in mud crab.In this paper,the crab immuno-stimulants CIS-1,CIS-2,peptidoglycan(PG),lipopolysaccharides(LPS) extracted form Vibrio minicus,screened by authors in previous research,were used for disease control by injection. Mud crabs were injected intramuscularly with polysaccharide suspension and cultivated in cage with sand bottom.The results showed that CIS-2 gave the best effects,with the activity of 18.55U/mgprot、0.16 U/mL and 38.16 U/mL for ALP,PG and POD respectively,50%,100%and 176%higher than that of control group.ALP activities in all stimulated groups were higher than that in control group.CIS-1 and LPS groups reached the peak of POD with the activity of 0.14 U/mL at 16d,75%higher than that of control group.ALP and PO of LPS group showed no significantly higher than control group.The survival rate of mud crab in CIS-1,CIS-2 and PG group was 73%,82%and 70%,respectively,45 days after immuno-stimulated.The CIS-1 and CIS-2 were also used for over-winter fattening cultivation for mud crab in crab farm.ALP,PO and SOD showed higher than the control group 15 days after injection intramuscularly of immunostimulants. The survival rate at 30 days in CIS-1 and CIS-2 group was 71%and 88%,20.33%and 49.15%higher than that of control group.Theses results indicated that the immunol polysaccharides can improve the immunity of mud crab,as well as the resistance against diseases.These immunol polysaccharide can be considered as the potential reagents for application of mud crab diseases control.更多还原