【作者】 张美良； 彭齐东；

【Author】 ZHANG Mei-liang,PEN Qi-dong (College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang 330045 , China)

【机构】 江西农业大学农学院；

【摘要】 采用15N示踪方法,研究了棉田生态系统中化学N肥及其与绿肥、沼肥配合施用时N素的吸收利用和去向,结果表明:(1)在等N、P、K条件下,沼肥与化肥配施棉花增产效果显著,绿肥与化肥配施次之,单施化肥较差,这与单施化肥N素较多地积累在叶和无效蕾、花、铃中,有机肥与化肥配施 N素较多地积累在生殖器官中密切相关。(2)棉株对土壤N的依赖性低于肥料N,但单施化肥棉株对土壤N的依赖性高于有机肥与化肥配施。棉株营养器官累积土壤N的比例大干生殖器官,说明棉株生育前期对土壤N的依赖性高于生育后期,充分说明棉花生产中重施花铃肥的重要性。(3)有机肥与化肥配施,肥料N在土壤中的残留率为单施化肥的2．5-3倍,而损失率后者为前者的1．4-1．6 倍,表明有机肥与化肥配施改土效果明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 With 15N tracing method, this thesis studied chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the absorption and trace of nitrogen in it when it was used with green manure and methane manure together in cotton field ecosystem. The results were as follows: (1) Under the same quantities of nitrogen , phosphate and potassium, cooperative application of methane manure and chemical fertilizer had great effect on the increase of cotton yield , cooperative green manure and chemical fertilizer was the second, solely application of chemical fertilizer was the worst. This result was because the nitrogen amount of sole chemical fertilizer was accumulated mostly in leaf and useless bud ,blossom and bolls, while nitrogen amount in cooperative organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mostly accumulated in reproductive organs. (2) The dependence of cotton plant on soil nitrogen was lower than that of fertilizer nitrogen, while the dependence on soil nitrogen under the condition of sole fertilizer was higher than that under the condition of cooperative use of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; the ratio of accumulated soil nitrogen in nutritive organ was higher than in reproductive organ. All these showed that cotton plant depended on soil nitrogen in the early period was higher than the latter period , which implied the importance of using flower and boll fertilizer weightily. ( 3 ) In cooperated application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the remnant of fertilizer nitrogen in the soil was 2. 5 - 3 times comparably to that of solely application of chemical fertilizer, while the loss rate of the latter was 1.4 -1.6 times comparably to the former, which showed the effective result of soil improvement under the cooperative work of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.更多还原