【作者】 胡塔峰； 曹军骥； 李旭祥； Shun-Cheng Lee； Judith C.Chow； John G.Watson； 容波；

【Author】 HU Ta-Feng~(1,*) CAO Jun-Ji~(2,1) LI Xu-Xiang~1 Shun-Cheng Lee~(3,2) Judith C.Chow~(4,2) John G.Watson~(4,2) RONG Bo~5 ~1 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;~2 SKLLQ,Institute of Earth Environment,Chin ese Academy of Science,Xi’an 710075,China;~3 Research Centre Environmental Technology and Management,Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon,Hong Kong,P.R.China ~4 Division of Atmospheric Sciences,Desert Research Institute,Reno,NV,USA ~5 Emperor (?)’s Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum,Xi’an 710054,China

【机构】 西安交通大学环境科学与工程系； 中科院地球环境研究所； 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆；

【摘要】 本文通过对秦始皇兵马俑博物馆铜车马展厅和一号坑室内采集的冬季大气悬浮颗粒物进行单颗粒分析,评价了在具有不同通风条件的两个展厅中,游客数量对大气悬浮颗粒物的影响。研究中采用配备能谱的扫描电子显微镜对单颗粒进行了形貌和元素组成分析,以判断室内悬浮颗粒的来源和化学组成差异,同时监测了两个展厅室内的微环境变化。结果显示,在铜车马展厅室内悬浮颗粒的昼夜质量浓度之比(1.30-3.12),明显高于同期的一号坑(0.96-2.59)和室外 (0.68-1.79),表明在铜车马展厅游客数量对颗粒物质量浓度的贡献大于在一号坑内。室内、外对比的结果表明,悬浮颗粒物的质量浓度、粒径分布和颗粒类型等特性,在配备了机械通风设备的铜车马展厅中受游客数量的影响较大,而在自然通风为主的一号坑中,通风条件则成为决定因素。颗粒物组成分析显示博物馆冬季的室内悬浮颗粒主要由黄土中的矿物颗粒、烟炱等低原子序数的颗粒、硫酸盐、燃煤飞灰和生物质颗粒组成。除烟炱和铝硅酸盐会造成对文物的脏污外,随着温湿度的波动,硫酸钙的结晶、溶解、渗透和再结晶作用都会产生应力,导致兵马俑表面的风化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daytime and nighttime total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected inside and outside Bronze Chariots and Horses Exhibition Hall (BCH) and Pit NO.1 Exhibition Hall (Pit 1) of Emperor (?) Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum ((?)M) in winter,2008.The purpose of this research was to study the contribution of visitors on indoor airborne particles in two display halls with distinguishing ventilating conditions in (?)M.Morphological and elemental analyses of individual particles were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) to determine the the source of particles and their chemical changes.The microclimate inside the two display halls was also monitored.In most sampling days with intensive tourist visits,daytime/nighttime particle mass ratios in BCH (1.30-3.12) are higher than those in Pit 1 (0.96-2.59) and outdoors (0.68-1.79),indicting more contribution of the tourist flow on particle mass concentrations in BCH than in Pit 1.The difference between indoor and outdoor particle mass concentrations,number particle size distribution,and particle types were found in close relationship with visitor numbers in BCH equipped with a mechanical ventilating system,and with ventilating condition in Pit No.1 relying on natural ventilation.Indoor airborne particles in winter were composed of loess mineral dusts,low-Z particles,sulfates,fly ashes,and biological particles.Besides soiling hazard posed by soot and aluminosilicate, crystallization,dissolution,penetration and recrystallization of deposited calcium sulfates with the fluctuation of RH and temperature may produce stress,thereby causing weathering on the surface of the terra-cotta statues.更多还原