【作者】 刘国永；

【Author】 Guoyong LIU

【机构】 上海财经大学公共政策研究中心；

【摘要】 农村剩余劳动力转移成为改革我国社会结构,提高农民收入,改善农村条件,建设和谐社会的根本任务,成为关系到我国国民经济和社会发展的全局的战略问题。党和政府十分重视农村劳动力转移问题,十六大报告指出,“农村富裕劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移,是工业化和现代化的必然趋势”。农村劳动力数量巨大和素质低下是制约转移的根本因素,因此,必须充分认识这个问题的严峻性、紧迫性和重要性,本文在介绍我国农村劳动力状况、转移培训存在问题的基础上,以几个典型案例作为模式,总结了我国农村劳动力转移培训过程中的可贵探索经验,并分析国际发达国家和新兴工业化国家(地区)的转移模式,特别关注了他们人均GDP在1000-3000美元时期的就劳动力转移及培训所采取的主要策略,为我国当下劳动力转移培训提供了主要参照。最后,建议政府要突破体制和观念障碍,加大投入和绩效评价,不断提高财政支持力度和效率,完善相关配套制度,科学设计、整合各方面资源,充分调动社会各界的积极性,协调劳动和教育部门关系,理顺流入地和输出地的关系,综合设计普通教育与职业教育连接渠道,提高农村劳动力转移培训的针对性和效能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The migration of surplus labor from rural areas is a major task in the Chinese transformation of social structure, the increase of farmer’s income, the improvement of livelihood of rural population, and the development of social cohesion; it has also become a strategic policy issue in China’s national socio-economic development. The Chinese government has always paid much attention to the rural-urban migration. The Communiqué of the 16th session of the central committee points out that the migration of surplus labor-force from rural areas to non-agriculture industries and urban townships is an inevitable trend in industrialization and modernization. The huge size of rural labor force and their low qualifications is a major factor in restricting the rural-urban migration, and thereby demands higher attention to its urgency and significance. This paper is intended to examining the current status of rural labor force and problems in their migration and training. Secondly, it takes account of several typical national cases as major models and sums up major experiences in rural-urban migration in Chinese society. Thirdly, it makes critical analyses of models of urban-rural migration in developed and newly industrializing countries, with special attention paid to their major strategies for rural labor force migration and training in periods when the average GDP was between US$ 1,000 and 3,000, in attempt to provide points of references for China in its rural-urban migration and training. Finally, it makes recommendations to the government as to a) making breakthroughs in structure reform and attitudinal change, b) the increase of investment, c) improvement of performance assessment, d) improvement of financial support and cost-efficiency, e) coordination of resources mobilization of social sectors, and f) better planning of inter-linkages between general and vocational education for greater relevance and effectiveness of training of the migrant rural work forces.更多还原