【作者】 王昌立； 吴炜煜；

【Author】 WANG Changli, WU Weiyu (Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

【机构】 清华大学土木工程系；

【摘要】 建立了一个适用于建筑设计的协同设计逻辑模型,从协同管理、协同设计、通信平台三个方面讨论了该系统的组成。论述了文档管理和访问控制机制,介绍了协商绘图功能的实现,并将智能设计思想引入系统。在这些协同理论的基础上,实现了建筑协同设计系统CodeFAR。该系统已在多家设计院使用,实践证明它能有效地促进资源共享和协同工作,并减少冲突发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Architectural projects are becoming more and more big and complex. However, complying with the requests of the innovation, architectural design institutes are becoming more professional and smaller than before. A single institute could not accomplish a whole project, which perhaps involves with several specialties such as architecture, structure, electricity, air-condition, water pipe, and so on. To resolve this conflict, collaboration among different design institutes is unavoidable. To facilitate the efficiency of the cooperation, a logical modal for cooperative architectural design work is established. The modal is Client/Server mode. Projects are founded in the Server, and users enter projects from Clients. From structural angle, the modal comprises four layers: Client Interface layer, Client Database layer, Server Function layer, Server Database layer. Server Function layer is the central layer of the modal to implement its functions. From functional angle, this modal consists of three primary modules: Cooperative Management Module, Cooperative Design Module, and Communicating Platform Module. Cooperative Management Module is in charge of managing the design process and the result documents. Its detailed functions contain managing documents and document versions, interceding design conflicts, managing faculty, managing performances, assigning tasks, controlling schedule, etc. To clearly manage the process documents in a project, every file is assigned a state mark such as “share”, “waiting for check”, and “pass”. They donate whether the file has been checked out by the specialty principal. The files marked with “pass” are result documents which will be used in the real construction. All project documents are shared to project participants in the Server. To safely control users’ accesses, some roles are founded, such as “top principle”, “specialty principle”, “designer”, and “visitor”. Each role has its unique privilege. Every user is assigned at least one role to perform his task when he joins a project. Each user can be added or reduce roles by the principle by the actual request. The roles’ privileges to operate documents are stable in the design process. Cooperative Module provides the design work with cooperative design tools, which contain Cooperative Drawing, Version Comparison, Software Share, Intelligent Design, Electrical Drawing Checkout, etc. Cooperative Drawing can make users in different places to cooperatively work on one same dwg drawing file. To develop it, ObjectARX technique is used. Based on AutoCAD, it allows the local user to see remote users’ operations on the drawing real timely. There are two technical difficulties in the development of it. Different users draw figures in different layers to avoid conflicts. The manner of increments transmission is employed to reduce the request bandwidth. Intelligent Design is concerned with artificial intelligence technic. It utilizes design solutions in former cases to resolve current problems. In former projects, it picked up useful methods and stored them into the expert knowledge database. When resolving a new project problem, designers could search relative keywords in the database to find solutions that can be consulted. Combined with current circumstances, old solutions could be transformed into effective solutions to serve the active project. Communication Platform Module is used to satisfy the request of the users to communicate with each other in the design process, which is the elemental function of a cooperative system. It consists of Text Message, Phonic Message, Video Conference, Electric White Board, and so on. Based on the logical modal described above, a real system called CodeFAR(Cooperative Design for Architecture) is founded. CodeFAR has been used in some architectural engineering design institutes, and the feedbacks are satisfying. Probations show that CodeFAR could effectively advance faculty’s efficiency, facilitate the management of design documentation, and allay conflicts in the design process. It is the harbinger in the application of CSCW in architectural design field.更多还原