【作者】 宋士清； 刘桂智； 朱英波； 杜金有； 张慎好； 王久兴；

【机构】 河北科技师范学院；

【摘要】 天然聚合物壳聚糖（Chitosan）是由节肢动物的外壳提取的、无毒、无污染的动物源激素物质。壳聚糖作为植物生长调节剂,在抗病诱导、杀菌杀虫、抵御逆境、种子包衣、果蔬保鲜、农药增效、土壤改良、地膜降解、促进生长、提高产量、改善品质等方面扮演着越来越重要的角色,在作物生产上具有广阔的应用前景。本研究在高效节能日光温室生产条件下,以"津春3号"黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）为试验材料,考察了不同浓度的壳聚糖对日光温室黄瓜生长发育状况的影响。试验结果表明,叶面喷洒壳聚糖溶液,能够极显著促进日光温室黄瓜的花芽分化,单株雌花数可提高55.3%.第一雌花着生节位降低3.2节,第一雌花开花时间提早6.8d,单株雄花数降低39.6%,雌雄比可提高131.3%,化瓜率降低35.0%,这种促雌作用以150mg·L^-1处理最显著,其次是200 mg·L^-1处理;壳聚糖能够改善日光温室黄瓜的营养品质,果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C含量提高值分别可达61.9%、44.5%、112.2%;叶面喷洒壳聚糖溶液,能够提高日光温室黄瓜的前期产量和总产量,尤其对前期产量的促进作用更明显,以150mg·L^-1处理最显著,极显著高于其他处理,比对照增产106.5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chitosan,a kind of natural polymer derived from arthropod shell,belongs to nonpoisonous and pollution-free security animal hormone substance.Chitosan used as plant regulator plays very important roles in many aspects,especially the induction of plant disease resistance,the bioactivity as pesticide and germicide,plant resisting to adverse conditions,seed-coating,fruits and vegetables storage,insecticidal synergism,soil improvement,plastic film degrade,promoting growth,increasing yield and improving quality.Chitosan’s extensive applicative prospect in agriculture production was showed.In this paper,the effects of different concentrations of chitosan on growth and development of cucumber（Jin chun 3） seedling in greenhouse were investigated.The experiment results showed that Spray of chitosan solution promoted the flower differentiation of cucumber in greenhouse.The female flower number of single plant was increased by 55.3%.The first female flower was decreased by 3.2 nodes.The flowing time of first female flower was advanced by 6.8 d.The male flower number of single plant was decreased by 39.6%.The ratio of female and male flowers was increased by 131.3%.The rate of aborted fruit was decreased by 35.0%.The female effect of 150 mg·L^-1 was the best,the second was 200 mg·L^-1.Spray of chitosan solution improved the nutrition quality of cucumber in greenhouse.The total content of soluble sugar,the content of soluble protein and the amount of vitamin C in fruit were increased by 61.9%,44.5%,112.2% respectively.Spray of chitosan solution increased the early yield and the total yield of cucumber in greenhouse.The effect of increasing early yield was obvious.Compared with the control,the effect of increasing early yield in treatment 150 mg·L^-1 was the best,and the early yield was inceased by 106.5%.更多还原