中国杏种质资源、遗传育种及生物技术研究新进展

【作者】 陈学森； 张艳敏； 冯建荣； 何天明； 陈美霞；

【机构】 山东农业大学果树生物学实验室；

【摘要】 杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)原产我国,种质资源极为丰富。本文对我国近5年来在新疆伊犁野杏林群体遗传结构、杏种质的RAPD和ISSR分析、杏风味物质化学组分、授粉生物学与抗冻性评价、杏远缘杂交与种质创新、杏杂种F1群体S基因的遗传、克隆与表达分析、产量与品质构成因素的遗传变异以及杏新品种选育等方面的研究进展进行了综述;提出了研究建立新疆野杏多层次保护保存体系,切实保护这一珍贵资源,并提出了进一步采用常规有性杂交与现代生物技术有机结合的技术路线,选育新品种,创造新种质,充分地发挥杏树抗干旱、耐瘠薄的特点,把我国杏的资源优势有效地转化为生态优势和经济优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Apricot (Primus armeniaca L. ), originated in china, has rich germplasm. The paper reviews apricot research progress in recent 5 years including genetic structure of populations of Prunus Armeniaca L. in Ily Valley, Xinjiang, analysis of RAPD and ISSR in a-pricot germplasm, evaluation on aroma compounds, pollination biology and freezing resistance, distant hybridization and creating new germplasm of apricot, S- gene, yields and quantity components inheritance and variation among F1 progenies, and breeding and selection new cultivars. It is proposal to construct multi - level system of protection and conservation apricot in Ily Valley, Xinjiang and protect the rare resources practically. Further they are put forward to adopt technology system of sexual - cross combined with modern biotechnology to select new cultivate and create new germplasm, well utilize the characteristic of drought resistance and barren endurance to transfer effectively resource advantage into zoology and economy advantage in apricot.更多还原