【作者】 彭建营； 王永蕙； 彭士琪；

【Author】 Peng Jianying, Wang Yonghui & Peng Shiqi (Research Center of Chinese jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001)

【机构】 河北农业大学中国枣研究中心；

【摘要】 采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了我国枣、酸枣的50个品种和类型的花粉形态。结果表明,同一类型或品处花粉粒的大小、形态及外壁纹饰特征是比较稳定的。不同种或同一种内不同类型、品种之间,花粉粒的大小、形态及外壁纹饰特征存在差异,这种差异可做为枣、酸枣种的分类、品种鉴别和亲缘关系鉴定的主要依据之一。枣品种极轴长18．46-21．39μm,赤道轴长22.10-26. 39μm,多数有巨型花粉。三孔沟,稀二孔沟和四孔沟。酸枣类型极轴长19．11-22.10μm,赤道轴长 21．00-24．61μm,未发现巨型花粉。三孔沟,个别类型有二孔沟和四孔沟。根据花粉外壁纹饰可把枣种质分为5类。同进根据花粉形态对枣品种的演化做了推测,提出枣品种演化为多条路线。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pollen morphology of 50 cultivars and forms in jujube and wild jujube was examined under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The main results are as fellows:They are stable in such pollen characteristics as size, shape, and surface sculpture or the same form or cultivar. Certain differences exist in different species or forms and cultivars of the same species, which can be one of the main bases for the classification of jujube germplasm, identification of caltivars and their relationship. Jujube:Polar axis 18. 46-21. 39μm long ,equatorial axis 21. 00-26. 39μm long,possessing giant pollen in a lot of cultivars, 3-colporate, rarely 2-colporate and 4-colporate. wild jujube:Polar axis 19. 11-22. 10μm long,equatorial axis 21. 00-24. 61μm long ,not possessing giant pollen,3-colporate. According to the surface sculpture of the pollen, all the cultivars and forms employed can be eivided into 7 groups. According to the pollen morphology, the evolution mode of cultivars of jujube wan put forward. There are several evolutionary lines in jujube cultivars.更多还原