【作者】 林盛华； 方成泉； 蒲富慎； 张加延； 高秀云；

【Author】 Lin Shenghua, Fang Chengquan, Pu Fushen, Zhang Jiayan & Gao Xiuyun(Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning 125100; Scientific Research Institute of Pomology of Liaoning Province, Xiongyue, Liaoning ,115214)

【机构】 中国农业科学院果树研究所； 辽宁省农业科学院果树研究所；

【摘要】 本文采用“去壁低渗法”对我国17个省、区李属6个种、226个栽培品种的染色体数目和 6个种的核型进行了研究。首次发现原产我国的中国李(Prunus salicina)染色体数目除了二倍体外,还有三倍体和(4x,2x)嵌合体。其中黑龙江“绥棱晚熟李”和“绥梭73-81”为三倍体(2n=3x =24),吉林“沙河子矬李”是四倍体和二倍体的嵌合体(2n=4x=32、2n=2x=16)。新疆欧洲李 (P．domestica)野生种A1为六倍体(2n=6x=48)。欧洲李栽培品种“晚黑”、“爱琴”等13个品种为六倍体(2n=6x=48)。其余供试材料均为二倍体(2n=2x=16)。核型结果表明:中国李、杏李( P．simonii)、乌苏里李(P．ussuriensis)三者的核型相似,成为一个系统。欧州李与樱桃李(P． cerasifera)的核型相近,属于另一个系统。而美洲李(P．americana)的核型自成一个系统。樱桃李是李属植物的原始种。更多还原

【Abstract】 The chromosome numbers of 226 cuitivars,6 species and the karyotypes of 6 species of Prunus in 17 provinces (regions) in China were studied by "wall degredation hypotonic treatment" method. It was first found that the chromosome number of P. salicina which originated in China has triploid and chimera(4x, 2x) besides diploid. Among which "Sui ling wan su li" and "Sui ling 73-81" in Hei-longjiang are triploid(2n = 3x=24), "Sha he zi cuo li" in Jilin is a chimera of tetraploid and diploid (2n = 4x=32,2n=2x=16). The wild species of P. domestica originated in Xinjiang is hetraploid(2n = 6x= 48). The other cultivars are diploid (2n = 2x=16). The result of karyotypes indicates that the kary-otypes of Prunus salicina, P. simonii and P. ussuriensis are similar and they make up the same system ; the karyotype of P. domestica is similar to that of P. cerasifera and thus they belong to other system ; the karyotype of P. americana is regarded as a single system. P. cerasifera is a primitive species of Prunus .更多还原