【作者】 蔡红霞； 曾宗永； 赵尔宓； 冉江洪； 刘少英；

【Author】 CAI hong-xia, ZENG zong-yong, ZHAO er-mi, RAN jiang-hong, LIU shao-ying (College of life science, Sichuan University; 2..Sichuan Academy of Forestry)

【机构】 四川大学生命科学学院； 四川省林业科学研究院；

【摘要】 <正> 近年来,赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)对四川省部分人工林造成严重危害,主要危害树种为柳杉(Crypotomeria fortunei)和杉木(Cunninghami lanceolata)。危害方式主要有啃食和条状剥食树皮,严重影响了林木的正常生长,甚至导致一部分树木死亡。为了探讨有效可行的松鼠危害防治策略,我们在危害严重的洪雅县林场目禅寺工区进行了近2年的野外工作,对赤腹松鼠的生物学特征、种群生态学、危害动态等方面进行了详细的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, red-bellied squirrels (Callosciueus erythraeus) debark the trees in some artificial forests in Sichuan province. The major damaged trees are Crypotomerta fortunei and Cunninghami lanceolata. The debarking damage retard the normal growth of trees, and even causes some dead. In order to find an efficient and feasible way to prevent squirrel’s damage, we have done field research on ecology of red-bellied and its damage dynamics at Hongya forestry land for two years.We selected 6 research plots on the basis of different habitat condition and observe behavior and damage rate of red-bellied squirrel in each plot every month. At the same time, we dissect some individuals to analyze morphological characters, stomach contents and reproduction conditions.Because red-bellied squirrel is large and has strong movement ability, so some typical research methods on rodents are not fit for researching them. We found that different individuals leave different dental marks on barks. Using One-way ANOVA (MSUSTAT) on width of upper dental marks, if the difference is significant, Then use multiple comparison (Newman-Keuls) to estimate the number of squirrels.The red-bellied squirrel is diurnal animal and its activity shows apparent daily cycle: more active in the morning and evening. After analysis of One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, we found that 5 morphological parameters are all normal distribution, the 95% confidence inter are as follow: body weight (g) [256.6, 451.8], body length (mm) [192.4, 235.9], tail length (mm)[154.3, 233.5], ear length (mm)[13.7, 22.7], hind foot length (mm)[32.6, 56.9]. The analysis of stomach contents in different month indicates that the red-bellied squirrel is feed on plant mostly, and eats some insects occasionally. The food composition changed in different season: very simple in spring (mainly composed with buds and bark), more abundant in summer and autumn (eat many kinds of fruits and tree cores), then become simple again in winter.We investigate the damage rate and analyze the dental marks date we get in each plot every month, we found out that when the damage rate is higher, the number of squirrel is larger. In a year, damage happen from February to April, and the damage rate in march is the highest, then decreased in May and June, there is no damage from July to November, but from December to next January, the squirrels begin debark trees and damage become serious again in February and March.Change of food habit, shortage of food supply, and increase of population, all these reasons lead to red-bellied squirrels damage trees. The research we have done will provide biological basis to find some effective strategy to control the red-bellied squirrel’s damage.更多还原