【作者】 陈利顶； 傅伯杰； 赵文武；

【Author】 CHEN LiDing1,FU BoJie1,ZHAO WenWu2 (1. Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. Institute of Resources Management, College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China). Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006)

【机构】 中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室； 北京师范大学资源学院资源管理研究所；

【摘要】 格局与过程的关系是景观生态学研究中的核心内容。景观格局指数是定量分析景观格局与生态过程的主要方法,但由于许多景观格局指数难以将格局与过程有机融合在一起而陷入了困境,探讨景观格局分析中有效表征生态过程的理论与方法,对于景观生态学的发展具有积极意义。基于大气污染中的"源""汇"理论,在已有研究基础上,提出了"源""汇"景观的概念和理论。认为根据不同景观类型的功能,可以将他们划分为"源""汇"两种景观类型,从而将过程的内涵融于景观格局分析中。该理论认为:(1)在格局与过程研究中,异质景观可以分为"源""汇"景观两种类型,其中"源"景观是指那些能促进过程发展的景观类型,"汇"景观是那些能阻止或延缓过程发展的景观类型;(2)"源""汇"景观的性质是相对的,对于某一过程的"源"景观,可能是另一过程的"汇"景观,"源""汇"景观的分析必须针对特定的过程;(3)"源""汇"景观的区分关键在于判断景观类型在生态过程演变中所起的作用,是正向推动作用还是负向滞缓作用;(4)不同类型"源"(或者"汇")景观对于同一种生态过程的贡献是不同的,在分析景观格局对生态过程的影响中需要考虑这种作用的差异;(5)"源""汇"景观理论可以应用于非点源污染、生物多样性保护、城市热岛效应等不同领域。"源""汇"景观理论提出的主要目的是探究不同景观类型在空间上的动态平衡格局对生态过程影响,从而找到适合一个地区的景观空间格局。"源""汇"景观理论的提出有助于推动景观格局与生态过程研究的深入,希望以此为基础,通过大量的实证研究,丰富和完善"源"、"汇"景观的理论和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exploring the relationships between landscape pattern and ecological processes is the key topic of landscape ecology, for which, a large number of indices were developed, as well as landscape pattern analysis model. However, one problem faced by landscape ecologists was that landscape indices were hardly to be linked with the ecological processes. How to link landscape pattern and ecological processes become a big challenge for landscape ecologists."Source" and "sink" are a popular concept used in air pollution research, by which the movement direction and pattern of different pollutants in air can be clearly identified. As for any ecological processes, it cam be considered as the balance between the source and the sink. Thus, the concepts if "source" and "sink" could be employed to the research of landscape pattern and ecological processes. In this paper, a theory of source-sink landscape was proposed. The main contents includes: (1) In the research of pattern and process, different landscape types can be divided into two kinds of landscape: "source" landscape and "sink" landscape. "Source" landscape is a landscape type which contributes to the development of the ecological process, while "sink" landscape is one types which unhelpful to the development of the ecological process. (2) "Source" landscape and "sink" landscape are recognized with regard to the special ecological process. If the studied ecological process were changed, "source" landscape could become "sink" landscape. Therefore, the ecological process should be clarified before "source" or "sink" landscape were defined. (3) The key point to distinguish "source" landscape from "sink" landscape is to identify the effect of landscape on ecological process. The positive effect is made by "source" landscape, and the negative effect is made by "sink" landscape. (4) For the same ecological process, different "source" landscapes have different positive effects, and different "sink" landscapes have different negative effects. It is required to determine the contribution of different landscape types on ecological processes. (5) Source-sink principle could be applied to non-point pollution, biologic diversity protection, heat island effect of city, and so on. For the different study area, the landscape evaluation models need be built respectively, because different ecological process is corresponding with different source-sink landscape and evaluation model. The source-sink principle will be helpful for the further study of landscape pattern and ecological process, and can give the base for designing landscape indices.更多还原