【作者】 张洪程； 端木银熙； 吴桂成； 徐军； 孙菊英； 戴其根； 霍中洋； 许轲； 赵品恒； 朱建华； 周纪平； 王建军； 陈金龙；

【Author】 Zhang Hong-cheng~1 Duan Mu Yin-xi~2 Wu Gui-cheng~1 Xu Jun~1 Sun Ju-ying~2 Dai Qi-gen~1 Huo Zhong-yang~1 Xu Ke~1 Zhao Pin-heng~1 Zhu Jian-hua~2 Zhou Ji-ping~2 (1 Agricultural College,Yangzhou University,Youzhou 225009;2Agricultureal Bureau of Changshu,Changshu 215500)

【机构】 扬州大学农学院； 江苏省常熟市农业局；

【摘要】 2004—2006年,在江苏太湖稻区常熟市麦稻两熟制下,以杂交粳稻常优1号为材料进行了小苗机插超高产试验,初步阐明的超高产形成规律及亩产800kg 群体质量指标为：(1)以足量的穗数与较大的穗型协调产出足够的群体总颖花量(3500万/666．7m~2以上),并保持正常的充实度(结实率85%左右,千粒重27g 左右)。(2)通过合理增加生育中期(拔节—抽穗期)物质积累量(600kg/666．7m~2左右,占总干物重的45%左右),来有效增强后期(抽穗—成熟期)群体物质生产能力(净增加干物质量550kg/666．7m~2或更高,占40%左右),提高最终生物学产量 (1350kg/666．7m~2以上)。(3)群体于有效分蘖临界叶龄期前一个叶龄期够苗,拔节期稍前达高峰苗(一般为预期穗数的1．4—1．5倍),孕穗期 LAI 达7．5—8．0,抽穗期达预期穗数,成穗率70% 以上。与上述群体质量指标配套的精确栽培关键技术有：(1)适当稀播,强化匀播(种子千粒重 27g 左右,每盘播80g),培育适龄壮秧。(2)据基本苗公式确定群体起点数量,并配以适宜的栽插穴数与穴苗数(亩栽1．5—1．7万穴,每穴1—2苗)。(3)在按斯坦福公式确定总施氮量的基础上,基蘖肥与穗肥比例以6：4为宜。(4)穗肥的施用据苗情而定：正常群体,倒4、倒3叶期两次等量施用；偏小群体提早至倒5叶期施；偏大群体推迟至倒3叶期施。(5)在群体80%够苗时及时断水搁田,搁田达标后始终采取硬板湿润灌溉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the rice-wheat double cropping system of Taihu Lake Region in Jiangsu Province, the experiment on super-high yielding of mechanical transplanting for young seedling was conducted from 2004 to 2006 with Japonica hybrid,Changyou 1,as material.The rule of super-high yielding formation and the indices of population quality were as below:(1) The large total amount of spikelets (＞3500×10~4 per 666.7m~2) was formed with enough and larger panicles,and the normal grain plumpness was keep (the seed setting was about 85%;the 1000-grain weight was about 27g).(2) The weight of dry matter in mature stage was increased through propriety increasing the dry matter accumulation in middle stage (the net accumulation from jointing to heading stage was more than 600kg/666.7m~2 which was 40% to the total weigh of dry matter) to enhance the ability of dry matter production in late stage (the net accumulation from heading to mature stage was more than 550kg/666.7m~2 which was about 40% too).(3) The expected number of panicle was achieved before critical leaf-age for productive tillers,and the max number of stems and tillers was achieved before joining stage which was 1.4-1.5 times more than the expected number of panicle.The LAI was 7.5-8.0 in booting stage.The excepted number of panicle appeared in heading stage and the ratio of productive tillers was more than 70%.The key suitable techniques of precise cultivation corresponded the indices of population quality which were mentioned were as follow:(1) In order to get propriety age and strong seedling,the sowing amount was controlled 80g per tray,1000-grain weight was about 27g).(2) Using basic seedling formula,the transplanting population seedling were ensure (1.5-1.7×10~4 hill/666.7m~2,1-2seedling per hill).(3) The propriety ratio of basic to ear fertilizer was 6:4,while total amount of nitrogen was ensured based on Stanford equation.(4) According to the situation of the population development,the time and number of using ear fertilizer was decided.If the population was normal,ear fertilizer was used in 4th and 3rd leaf from sword leaf;If the population was relative small, it was used in 5th leaf from sword leaf,and if the population was relative large,it was used in 3rd leaf from sword leaf.(5) When the population number achieved 80% of excepted panicle,it began to drain paddy field.The wetness was adopted through intermittent irrigation.更多还原