【作者】 杨建昌； 杜永； 刘辉；

【Author】 YANG Jian-chang DU Yong LIU Hui (Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009)

【机构】 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室；

【摘要】 水稻和小麦是我国两大最重要的粮食作物,实现水稻和小麦超高产对保证我国粮食安全具有重要意义。本文依据作者超高产研究与实践,介绍了长江下游稻麦周年超高产(周年产量＞21t·ha^-1)技术途径与关键栽培技术。主要的技术途径是：稳穗足粒扩大产量库容,提高茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比改善群体质量,增加糖花比/糖粒比提高籽粒库活性,培育健壮根系提高结实期物质生产能力,促进物质运转提高收获指数。关键栽培技术为：壮苗培育/精细播种技术,实地精确施肥技术,精确定量节水灌溉技术和化学调控技术。对当前和今后一段时间内稻麦周年超高产栽培理论与技术研究的重点提出了建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice and wheat are most important food crops in China.The realization of their super-high-yielding has great significance in ensuring food security in this country.Based on our researches and practices in super-high-yielding,this paper introduced the cultivation approaches and key techniques for obtaining super-high-yielding of rice and wheat (annual grain yield＞21 t·ha^-1).The main approaches included enlarging sink size through stabling panicle/spike number and increasing spikelets/grains per panicle/spike,improving population quality through increasing the percentage of productive tillers and grain-leaf ratio,enhancing sink （grain） strength through increasing sugar-spikelet ratio or sugar-grain ratio,increasing matter production capacity through fostering a healthy and strong root system during the grain filling period,and increasing harvest index through enhancing remobilization of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains.The key techniques were nursing strong-seedlings/precise-sowing,site-specific nutrient management,precise and quantitative water-saving irrigation,and chemical control.Key points for the super-high-yielding research in rice and wheat at present and in near future were suggested.更多还原