【作者】 阮仁超； 陈惠查； 游俊梅； 金桃叶； 张再兴； 杨玉顺；

【Author】 RUAN Ren-chao CHEN Hui-cha YOU Jun-mei JIN Tao-ye ZHANG Zai-xing YANG Yus-hun (Institute of Rice,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China)

【机构】 贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所；

【摘要】 贵州稻种遗传资源经过20余年的研究,在收集、保存、评价与利用方面已取得较大进展。主要表现在:①陆续收集并整理、编目的地方稻种达5667份,大部分已分别于不同时期送国家种质库作长期保存,系统完成农艺性状的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批矮秆、大穗、大粒、优质、抗病虫、耐逆(冷、旱)和功能型等特性突出的优异种质;②贵州地方稻种具有丰富的遗传多样性,在贵州高原的低温、高湿、寡照生境下形成的禾类和早稻等种质,在耐逆等特性上表现出一定的独特性;③开展了地方稻种细胞质雄性不育恢复基因源、非 sd1基因、双(多)胚等有利基因资源的鉴定和筛选;④概述了立足贵州省情的稻种资源保存途径,建立了以高原异生境繁种为基础、国家种质库为保障的遗传资源保存保护工作体系。对目前贵州稻种资源研究中存在的主要问题和今后工作的重点与发展方向进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice germplasm resources in Guizhou are rich in genetic diversity with relatively large variation of biological characters and various types from evolution and artificial selection.5667 of traditional variety accessions,collected from 79 counties of Guizhon,accounting for about 10% of the total in China,were regenerated and mainly sent to the National Gene-Bank of Crops Germplasm Resources at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences(CAAS)for long term storage.In this paper,collection,assessment,conservation,and utilization on elite rice genetic resources in Guizhou were chiefly summarized during 1981-2004.The main points can be concluded that the Working & Managing Systems on Rice Resources in Guizhou had been established in the long course of research.Firstly,identifying and evaluating system is essential to study the characteristics of rice genetic re- sources according to botanical and biological trails.In this way some elite germplasm including semi-dwarf,big panicle,big grain,high quality,cold and drought tolerance,resistance to diseases and pests had been evaluated.Other special elite types characterized by restoring to CMS,and wide com- patibility were also screened.Secondly,establishing reproduction system in ex-situ conservation based on National Geae-bank(CAAS)for long term conservation combining with short storage in low temperature in Guizhon,and finally,information management system of rice germplasm conserved in Guizbou was formed on the base of the characteristics database.These systems will be efficient to promote the further researches and utilization.更多还原