【作者】 齐永文； 张洪亮； 张冬玲； 王美兴； 孙俊立； 魏兴华； 裘宗恩； 汤圣祥； 曹永生； 王象坤； 李自超；

【Author】 QI Yong-wen ZHANG Hong-liang ZHANG Dong-ling WANG Mei-xing SUN Jun-li WANG Xiang-kun LI Zi-chao Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvemen of Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094 WEI Xing-hua Tang Sheng-xiang Chinese Rice Research Institute,Hongzhou,310006; QIU Zong-en CAO Yong-sheng Institute of crop science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing,100081

【机构】 中国农业大学农业部作物基因组学与遗传改良重点实验室和北京市作物遗传改良实验室； 中国水稻研究所； 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所；

【摘要】 本实验通过选取中国26个省(市)、六个稻区的453份选育品种,考察42个表型性状和进行36个微卫星位点分析,系统研究中国水稻选育品种的遗传多样性。在36个 SSR 位点共检测到452个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为2～23,平均多态性为12.6。与我们在地方种和野生稻上的研究结果相比,选育品种在多个位点上的遗传多样性都较低。不同类型、地理和年代的选育品种多样性分析表明:(1)籼稻品种和粳稻品种间存在着较大遗传差异,籼稻品种的遗传多样性大于粳稻品种的遗传多样性;(2)选育品种的遗传多样性地理分布是华中稻区遗传多样性最大,东北稻区和西北稻区遗传多样性最小。位于长江中下游的江苏、江西和西南地区的四川等地是中国水稻选育品种遗传多样性最大的稻区。东北地区作为重要的粳稻生产基地,遗传基础非常狭窄,应该发掘新的种质资源拓宽品种的遗传多样性; (3)从50年代到80年代我国选育品种的遗传多样性一直下降,80年降低到最低水平,90 年代又有显著提高:(4)微卫星标记和表型性状分析多样性的结果具有很高的一致性,但是一致性会随所分析的品种数量的减少而降低。此结果将为中国水稻品种改良、资源收集和核心种质构建提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Genetic diversity of cultivars was hot concerned.To study genetic diversity of rice cultivars in China,453 accessions selected from twenty-six provinces,six rice ecological zones were analyzed by microsatellite and phenotypic traits,in which total 452 alleles were identified at 36 microsatellite loci with 2～23 at each loci.It showed low genetic diversity of cultivars at several loci compared with landraces(Oryza sativa L.)and wild relatives(Oryza rufipogon).The study of diversity of subspecies,ecological zones(REZ)and decades indicated the followings.(1)There was much genetic difference between indica cultivars and japonica cultivars and the genetic diversity of indica cultivars was higher than that of japonica cultivars.(2)The genetic diversity of REZ Ⅱ was highest in six rice ecological zones and that of REZⅤ and REZⅥ were lowest at both DNA and phenotype level.Jiangsu,Jiangxi located in Yangtze River Valley and Sichuan in southwest China were the area with highest genetic diversity.Breeders in REZⅤ should explore more gene resources to widen cultivars’genetic backgrounds.(3)The genetic diversity of 1950s was highest and that of 1980s was lowest in recent decades.Genetic diversity of cultivars declined from 1950s to 1980s and greatly increased after 1980s at both DNA and phenotype level;(4) Diversity released by microsatellite was highly correspondent to that released by phenotype,but the correspondence varied with accessions.This study would provide reference or help to the breeding,variety collection and management and establishment core collection of rice cultivars in China.更多还原