【作者】 贺明荣；

【Author】 He Ming-Rong Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, Shandong 271018, China

【机构】 山东农业大学农学院；

【摘要】 在高肥力条件下,研究了氮肥拔节期一次全量追施对冬小麦籽粒产量、籽粒品质、氮肥利用率和土壤中硝态氮累积量的影响。试验结果表明,施用氮肥对籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量无显著影响,而作为籽粒蛋白质质量指标的沉淀值、面团形成时间和面团稳定时间均因施用氮肥而明显改善。分次施用(50%做底肥,50%做追肥)比较,拔节期一次全量追施,对籽粒蛋白质质量的改善效应更为显著,但其0～100cm土层中的硝态氮累积量也明显高于前者,从而增加了淋失和污染地下水的可能性。将施氮量由240kg纯N/hm~2降至168kg纯N/hm~2,肥料利用率显著提高,0～100cm土层中的硝态氮累积量明显降低。因此,为兼顾提高产量改善籽粒品质、提高肥料利用率和降低土壤中硝态氮的累积量等因素,可考虑在进一步降低施氮量的前提下采取拔节期一次全量追施的施肥方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of all N fertilizer application astopdressing at booting on grain yield, grain quality of winter wheat, nitrogen use efficiency and nitratenitrogen accumulation in the soil with high fertility It was found that N fertilizer had little effect on grainyield, protein content and wet gluten content, whereas those protein quality parameters such as sedimentationvolume, dough developmental time and dough stability time were improved remarkedly. Comparing with Nsplit application treatments (50% applying at preplanting and 50% applying at booting), all N fertilizertopdressed at booting led to significantly higher sedimetation volume, longer dough developmental time anddough stability tirne, while the nitrate nitrogen content (kg/hm~2) in the soil from 0 to 100cm of the latter wasmuch higher than the former, which menns raised possibity of leaching and polluting underground water.Asthe rate of N application decreased from 240kg/hm~2 to 168kg/hm~2, fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency wasraised obviously and nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the soil from 0 to 100cm was lessened. Therefore, forthe sake of increasing grain yield, improving grain quality enhancing fertilizer N recovery and reducingnitrate nitrogen content in the soil, it was proposed that all N fertilizer could be applied as topdressing atbooting with the rate of N less than 168kg/hm~2.更多还原