【作者】 李保同； 石庆华； 方加海； 李木英； 潘晓华；

【Author】 Li Baotong Shi Qinghua Fang Jiahai Li Muying Pan Xiaohua (College of Agronomy, JAU, Nanchang, 330045, China)

【机构】 江西农业大学农学院；

【摘要】 通过对3种复种方式(水稻-水稻、棉花-水稻、棉花-棉花-水稻)稻田杂草种群调查和2种耕地方式(水稻移栽前耕地1次、2次)及6种除草方法(谷壳覆盖淹水法、稻草覆盖淹水法、动物粪便淹水法、稻田养萍法、化学防除法、人工除草法)对稻田杂草防治效果试验,结果表明,水旱轮作可很好地控制稻田杂草发生,且随着旱作年限的延长,优势杂草种的频度和优势度明显降低。水稻移栽前耕地2次,能控制大部分杂草。动物粪便淹水法、化学防除法和人工除草法对稻田总草防治效果最好,其它依次为稻草覆盖淹水法、稻田养萍法和覆盖谷壳淹水法。通过观察,稻田养萍法对水稻生长有一定影响,其它5种除草方法未发生任何异常现象。在无公害食品AA级水稻生产过程中,可在水稻移栽前耕地2次,再配合施用适量的未腐熟有机质肥料或人工除草防治杂草;A级水稻的生产,可在水稻移栽前耕地2次,再配合施用1次低毒除草剂防治。对杂草密度大的稻田,可再进行适当的水旱轮作,减少杂草的发生数量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The investigation and field experiments on emergence and control effect of weeds were carried in paddy fields of three multiple cropping methods (rice-rice, cotton-rice and cotton-cotton-rice),two plough methods (ploughing once and twice before rice transplant) and six methods of weed control (three methods of irrigation after coverring with rice husk, rice straw and animal excrements, rice - azolla method, two methods of weed control by herbicide and cultivator) . The results showed that the rotation between dryland crop and paddy rice were highly effective in control of weeds.The frequences and dominance of major weeds were obviously decreased in paddy field as dryland crop time was lenghtened. The most part of weeds were controlled when the fields were ploughed twice before rice transplant. The control effect of irrigation after coverring with animal excrement, herbicide and cultivator against weeds in paddy fields were best. The other control effects in proper order were irrigation method after coverring with rice straw , rice - azolla method and irrigation method after covering with rice husk. By way of observation , the rice - azolla was moderately dangerous and the other methods were safe to rice growth. The suitable organic non - thorough decomposed fertilizer or cultivator - weeding were carried after the field had been ploughed twice before rice transplant in control of weeds during AA level of bioration rice of production . The lower toxic herbicide was used once after the field had been ploughed twice before rice transplant in control of weeds during A level of bioration rice of production. The growth amount of weeds were decreased by the suitable rotation between dryland crop and paddy rice when the density of weeds were high in paddy field.更多还原