【作者】 沈裕琥； 王海庆； 黄相国； 葛菊梅； 张怀刚；

【Author】 Shen Yuhu Wang Haiqing Huang Xiangguo Ge Jumei Zhang Huaigang( Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001)

【机构】 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所；

【摘要】 从以往的研究成果来看,作物推广品种的遗传基础狭窄是普遍存在的问题。造成目前栽培作物品种遗传背景单一的原因是在野生植物的人工驯化和现代育种过程中,在强大的人工选择压下大量多样化基因的丢失。为了拓宽育成品种的遗传基础,需进行作物资源和育种材料的遗传多样性评价。本文综述了在形态、蛋白质和DNA水平上检测作物品种间遗传多样性的主要方法和最新研究进展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As we head into the new millennium, crops breeding faces vulnerability to disease and insect epidemics and jeopardy of the potential for sustained genetic improvement over the long term, which is caused by the limited genetic diversity of crops. Monitoring the genetic variation within the pool of elite breeding materials could make crop improvement more efficient by the directed accumulation of favored al-leles, which is likely to speed up the breeding progress and break the "breeding bottleneck" due to narrow genetic pool. The main approaches, such as Shannon - weaver diversity index, morphological diversity , protein and DNA diversity, and advances of studying on genetic diversity among crop s cultivars have been discussed in this article.更多还原