【作者】 喻建刚； 樊小林； 刘芳； 黄维富；

【Author】 Yu Jian-gang~1;Fan Xiao-lin~(*1);Liu Fang~1,Huang wei-fu~2 (1 Fert.Sci.and Balanced Pert.Res.L ab,College of Nature Resour.And Envir.Sci.,South China Agric.Unix., Guang zhou 510642,China;2 Hainan Wan zhong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Le Dong,Hainan,572500,China)

【机构】 华南农业大学肥料与平衡施肥研究室； 海南万钟实业有限公司；

【摘要】 针对香蕉生产管理中用肥量大、施肥次数多、养分淋失量大等问题,以缓控释尿素、尿素、磷酸二铵、氯化钾、硫酸钾为原料配制控释氮源分别为50%、30%和0%的12-6-25、10.2-6-25和8.4-6-25的控释配方肥作为供试肥料,研究了每株香蕉分4次追肥,共施用3.18kg控释配方肥对香蕉产量、收获进度以及0-20cm和20-40cm土层的速效氮残留量的影响,探索控释配方肥的增产效应和潜在的环境效应。结果表明:与常规相比,含30%控释氮源的10.2-6-25追施4次和不含控释氮源的10.2-6-25追施14次均增产10.7%,缓控释尿素的效果主要体现在促进香蕉早熟和缩短收获期上,平均而言采收的前14天,控释配方肥处理的采收率约为50%,是普通肥料处理采收率的2倍以上。施用控释配方肥,能明显提高主要施肥位置的0-20cm土层的速效氮含量,控释配方肥的氮含量越低,20-40cm土层速效氮残留量就越少。而水溶性肥料的20-40cm土层速效氮残留量明显高于控释配方肥。说明了控释配方肥具有省工增产的效果,有利于加速香蕉的收获进程,提高0-20cm土层的速效氮含量,从而减少氮素的淋失降低对环境的潜在胁迫。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many problems in bananas management practice,such as over- fertilization,many times of top dressing and high nutrient leaching losses.In order to solve these problems,three bulk blend fertilizers which produced by used of controlled release urea(PCU),urea,DAP,MOP and SOP were the tested fertilizers.NPK formula of the three fertilizers were 12-6-25,10.2-6-25 and 8.4-6-25 respectively.The controlled nitrogen from PCU was 50%,30%and 0%of total nitrogen separately and the fertilizer cooperated with PCU called controlled BB fertilizer.Amount of total dosage was 3.18 kg per plant and applied for 4 times during banana growth.The purpose of the experiments were to evaluate the effects of the fertilization on yield,harvesting time and the residual available nitrogen contents in soil profile with two depth of 0-20cm and 20-40cm.Meanwhile the influences of the fertilizers on yield and nutrients leaching and its environmental stress were also evaluated.The result showed that banana yield treated with controlled BB fertilizers(10.2-6-25),which containing 30% controlled nitrogen with 4 times top dressing was the same as that of treatment without controlled nitrogen but with 14 times top dressing.The yield of those two treatment increased by 10.7%compared to conventional treatment.The main effect of controlled BB fertilizer was to promote banana maturing and to cut banana harvest period.During the first 14 days of harvest,controlled BB fertilizer treatments obtained about 50%harvest rate which was about 2 times more than that of others average harvest rate. On the other hand,the residual soil available nitrogen content in 0-20 cm could increase by applying controlled BB fertilizer.The less the nitrogen ratio in the controlled BB fertilizer used,the lower amount of nitrogen in lower part of soil of 20 to 40 cm.On the contrary,more nitrogen leached to the soil of 20 to 40 cm in treatment of water soluble fertilizer than that with controlled BB fertilizers because the former contained more nitrogen than later.To be brief,using the controlled BB fertilizer can not only save labor force,increase the yield,cut the harvest period,but increase soil residual available nitrogen content of 0-20 cm and cut down the potential environmental stress from nutrient leaching losses.更多还原