【作者】 臧润国； 宋希强； 张炜银；

【Author】 ZANG Runguo~(1*),SONG Xiqiang~(2,3)and ZHANG Weiyin~1 (1.Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology Environment,State Forestry Administration,Beijing 100091; 2.College of Horticulture,South China University of Tropical Agriculture, Danzhou,Hainan 571737; 3.Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

【机构】 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室； 华南热带农业大学园艺学院； 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 中国兰科植物栽培历史悠久。目前,我国兰科植物资源破坏严重,经营利用和市场管理混乱。福建省兰科植物分布较为广泛,有68个属171种或变种和变型。本文对福建省兜兰、国兰、药用石斛等趋于或已经濒危兰科植物的人工培植、经营利用和贸易状况进行了初步总结。首次报道紫纹兜兰在福建有自然分布。调查结果表明:(1)福建国兰栽培历史悠久,产业格局已初步形成,资源利用日趋合理;(2)药用石斛原生资源已经濒临灭绝,石仙桃、独蒜兰等资源较为丰富。文章最后就兰科植物资源的保护和利用提出如下建议:(1)加强对野生资源的就地保护,采取有效措施杜绝非法采集野生兰科植物;(2)大力发展人工种植石斛属等药用兰科植物,可结合保护区社区经济建设,发展原生境栽培,满足药用原料的需求;(3)建立对兰科植物和种植、贸易许可证制度;(4)制定并逐步完善兰花资源保护的法律法规。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has a long and venerable history on cultivation of orchids.Currently the resources of wild orchids have become rare or endangered resulting from over-collection and habitat destruction.On the other hand,the management and utilization of orchids are exploitative and out of order.In this paper,the status of wild orchid resources,the cultivation, trade and exploitation of Paphiopedilum,Chinese Cymbidium,medicinal Dendrobium as well as potential economic important orchids were investigated in Fujian province,China. The wild orchids distributed widely in Fujian province including 68 genera,171 species,varieties or forms.P.purpuratum was the first time found in Zhangzhou District,Fujian province. Our results showed that there was a considerable scale of the Chinese Cymbidium horticulture industry.However,the development of artificial propagation of the medicinal Dendrobium was poor.For some folk medicinal orchids,such as Pleione,Bletilla,Anoectochilus, Pholidota and Spiranthes,also should be included in the artifical propagation despite the wild resources of those orchids are still rich.Based on our investigation,the following suggestions for orchid conservation and horticultural industry are proposed:(1)banning col- lection of the wild orchids,(2)encouraging the artificial propagation of the traditional medicinal Dendrobium and other folk medicinal orchids,(3)establishing the permission system in orchid horticultural industry and trade management,(4)setting up and improving laws or related regulations for the conservation and development of orchids.更多还原