【作者】 李作洲； 黄宏文； 唐登奎； 葛继稳； 蒲云海； 郑昌毅；

【Author】 LI Zuozou~(1,2),HUANG Hongwen~(1*),TANG Dengkui~2, GE Jiwen~3,PU Yunhai~3 and ZHENG Changyi~2 (1 Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074) (2 Administrative Bureau of Houhe National Nature Reserve,Wufeng 443400) (3 General Station for Conservation of Wildlife and Forest Plants,Wuhan 430079)

【机构】 中国科学院武汉植物园； 湖北后河国家级自然保护区管理局； 湖北省野生动植物保护总站；

【摘要】 湖北后河国家级自然保护区位于湖北、湖南交界处的五峰县境内,属武陵山东段余脉山地,为我国地势的第二阶梯向第三阶梯的过渡地带,是我国三大物种特有中心之一的川东-鄂西特有中心和第三纪古植物的孑遗中心的重要组成成分之一。该区拥有着丰富的生物多样性,尤以第三纪孑遗珍稀濒危植物集中分布群落为典型特征。该区地貌复杂,海拔落差大,微生境复杂多变,拥有从低山河谷常绿阔叶林到亚高山灌丛或草甸等多种生态系统和多种植被类型。目前已知该保护区有维管植物194科819属2088种、苔藓植物33科90属192种和叶附生苔类植物3科7属7种,维管植物物种数占湖北省总数的34.4%和全国总数的7.5%,其中蕨类植物31科71属194种、裸子植物6科18属25种、被子植物157科730属1869种,属国家特有珍稀濒危或重点保护的植物约有70余种。该区有脊椎动物25目74科306种,其中兽类8目23科87种,爬行类2目9科38种,两栖类2目8科24种,鸟类13目34科158种,分别为湖北省总种数的73%、36%、55%、73%。其中有国家重点保护野生动物51种以及湖北省级重点保护动物70种。昆虫类的调查尚在进行中,目前已知有14目74科206种,淡水鱼类研究尚未开展。湖北后河自然保护区地处贫困山区少数民族县,长期以来以森工产业为其县域经济的主要支柱,长期的木材采伐和狩猎习俗曾对该保护区的生物多样性带来了严重破坏。自然保护区的建立使其生物多样性逐渐得到了有效保护,特别是升级为国家级自然保护区后,生物多样性保护进入了一个新阶段。保护区自身科学研究力量的薄弱和保护区面积相对较小,限制着该区域生物多样性进一步研究和保护,进一步扩充保护区面积、引进科研力量并提升人员自身科研素质、协调并增强区内外社区共管是该区生物多样性得到进一步保护和恢复的当务之急。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Houhe National Nature Reserve(HNNR) is located in the south of Tujia Autonomous County of Wufeng,Hubei Province,China.This area is in the extension of eastern part of Wuling Mountains and is adjacent to Hunan Province,in the transitional region from the second terrace to the third terrace of China topography.HNNR is part of the center of endemic species and the Tertiary relic plant species from the east of Sichuan province to the west of Hubei and northwest of Hunan provinces,which is one of the three biodiversity centers in China. Biodiversity in HNNR is very high,and the communities of concentrated distribution of Tertiary relic plants are the main feature of the reserve.With the complicated physiognomy,variable elevations and microhabitats,HNNR possesses different ecological systems and special plant communities from evergreen broadleaf forest in river valley and lowland to shrub or meadow in subalpine regions.There are 2088 vascular plant species belonging to 819 genera of 194 families, which are 34.4%of the total in Hubei province and 7.5%in China,and 192 lichen species of 71 genera in 33 family and 7 epiphyllous liverwort species of 7 genera in 3 families in HNNR.For vascular plants,there are 194 ferns species belonging to 71 genera of 31 families,25 gymnosperm species belonging to 18 genera of 6 families,and 1869 angiosperm species belonging to 730 genera of 157 families.About 70 species of the vascular plants are endemic,rare,endangered or under prior protection in China.307 wild animal species of 74 families in 25 orders were founded in HNNR,and among the animals,87 species of 23 families in 8 orders are mammals,38 species of 9 families in 2 orders are reptiles,24 species of 8 families in 2 orders are amphibians,158 species of 34 families in 13 orders are birds,which comprise 73%,36%,55%and 73%of the total in relevant category in Hubei province,respectively.Of them,51 species are nationally protected animals and other 70 species are provincially protected animals in Hubei.The species diversity of insects are being studied,and up to now,192 species of 74 families in 14 orders were found.The diversity of freshwater fish has not been studied in HNNR,and further investigation is needed. Biodiversity of the region was damaged in the past years mainly by deforestation and hunting, since Wufeng is a mountainous county of poverty,with forest industries as its main economic pillar for a long time.Fortunately,with the establishment and development of the reserve,the biodiversity richness has been effectively protected,especially after its upgrading to national level in 2000,the effort for conservation in HNNR has been greatly enhanced.However,the shortage of research personnel and small size of its area have limited advanced studies and conservation of the biodiversity in the reserve.For the future conservation and recovery of the biodiversity,introducing well-trained research personnel and improving the research facilities,enlarging the areas of the reserve and advancing the community co-management are the highest priorities for the moment.更多还原