【作者】 曹同； 赵青； 于晶； 宋国元；

【Author】 CAO Tong,ZHAO Qing,YU Jing and SONG Guoyuan (College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

【机构】 上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院；

【摘要】 在对18个主要公园野外调查基础上,本文报道了上海市公园的苔藓植物,计16科,41属,85种,其中苔类6科6属6种、藓类10科35属79种。对苔藓植物种类组成和分布分析的主要结果为:(1)上海市公园内主要是耐旱性较强的土生藓类。丛藓科和真藓科种数达36种,占总种数的42.35%。而土生苔藓占总种数的72.94%。(2)从市中心区向外到郊区的公园内苔藓种数,特别是树生苔藓种类,呈递增趋势。分布在市中心区地带和工厂较为集中的闸北区的公园内苔藓(除淮海公园外)在5～11种之间,多数无树生种类;市中心外各区公园内苔藓增多,为13～22种,有1至数种树生苔藓;而离市中心最远的青浦区曲水园则达28种,有树生苔藓10种。(3)上海市公园内广泛分布的优势种为狭叶小羽藓、细叶小羽藓、阔叶小石藓、立碗藓和丝瓜藓。它们常成片丛生土长,在公园的水土保持上起一定的生态作用。结果说明,苔藓植物种类生长与环境关系较为密切,一定程度上反映了环境质量和变化,是一种良好的环境指示植物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bryophytes from 18 main parks in Shanghai were investigated and reported in the present paper.There were 85 species belonging to 16 families,41 genera of bryophytes. Among them,6 species belonged to 6 families,and 6 genera were liveworts,79 species belonged to 35 families,and 10 genera were mosses.The main results were as follows: (1)The dominant species at the parks of Shanghai were drought-enduring bryophytes growing in soil.36 species belonged to Pottiaceae and Bryaceae,reached to 42.35%of the total,bryophytes growing in soil were 72.94%of the total species. (2)The number of bryophyte species,especially epiphytic bryophytes increased by degrees in the parks from the heart of the city to the outer suburbs.There were 5-11 species in the parks located at the heart of the city and Zhabei District,an industry area,and no epiphytic bryophytes in the above-mentioned areas;in the parks out of the heart of the city had 13-22 species with one and more epiphytic bryophytes;28 species and 10 epiphytic bryophytes were recorded in the Qushuiyuan Park at the suburb. (3)The major species of bryophytes were Haplocladium angustifolium(Hampe et C.Muell.) Broth.,Haplocladium microphyllum(Hedw.) Broth.,Weisia platyphylla Broth.,Physcomitrium sphaericum(Ludw.) Brid.and Pohlia cruda(Hedw.) Lindb,which often grow in tufts and have certain ecological functions in soil and water conservation in the parks. The results showed that species and growth of bryophyte are closely related to its surroundings and reflex to the quality and changes in the environments to certain degree. Therefore,bryophyte can be a good indicator to the environment.更多还原