【作者】 苗鸿； 欧阳志云； 王效科； 宋敏；

【Author】 Miao Hong OuyangZhiyun WangXiaoke SongMin (Research Center for Eco-Environmenta Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100085)

【机构】 中国科学院生态环境研究中心；

【摘要】 在自然保护区的社区管理中,自然保护与社区发展之间的矛盾始终困扰着保护区的管理者和社区居民、建立自然保护区的目的是为了保护生物多样性和自然遗产,满足当代和后代人公平地利用生物资源的需求,以保证经济的可持续发展和社会的繁荣进步。而社区群众的生存与发展更是人类社会进步的基本需求。在处理经济发展与自然保护这对矛盾时,绝不可掉以轻心,把两者对立起来,认为发展经济就必然要破坏自然资源和自然环境,或者要保护自然资源和自然环境,就不能搞开发利用,一切原封不动,这些都是不正确的。事实上,保护了自然资源和自然环境,才能保证经济的持续稳定发展;经济发展了,也为自然资源和环境保护提供技术经济条件。因此,正确处理好自然保护区同当地经济的协调发展以及自然保护区和当地社区群众的关系,对每一个保护区管理者都是严峻的挑战。本研究是中国自然保护区管理政策研究的一部分,通过对85个自然保护区的问卷调查和12个国家级自然保护区的案例分析,力图阐明当前国内自然保护区在社区管理中所面临的主要问题,探讨自然保护区与社区发生冲突的原因,进一步提出缓解矛盾、协调发展与保护关系的对策,以及对相应管理体制和机制的构想。更多还原

【Abstract】 According with managing the communities of natural reserves, both of the managers and locals have been disturbed by the conflict between protect and development. The aim that a natural reserves was established is to protect biological diversity and natural heritage, to meet the need of utilizing biological resources sustainedly by human being of the time and the future, furthermore, to promote the economic development and social progress. It is the most important that the locals should be living and developing and the communities should be rich and culture among all objects. There is a wrong opinion for long time. It is that natural resources and environment would be destroyed consequentially when economic level was raised, in other words, to reserve resources and environment, the nature should be kept desolate scene and any exploitation should be forbidden absolutely. In fact, sustained and steady economic development cannot depart from abundant resources and clean environment, moreover, will support reserving nature by the way of offering modern technology and more and more cost. By the base of that, it is a challenge for every manager in natural reserves to balance the point on protecting biological diversity and ensuring local interests, to correspond the relationship between administrations and communities. This paper is a part of studying management policies in natural reserves in China. It analyzed the questionnaire that originated from 85 natural reserves and case survey from 12 national natural reserves. It argued about the main problems being faced by central and local administrations to manage the communities. After that, it discussed the reasons that the conflict was come into being between natural reserves administrations and communities, gave some advises to abate conflict and solutions to establish cooperation relationship, then supposed some idea for available management systems and mechanics.更多还原