【作者】 王瑞江；

【Author】 Wang Ruijiang (South China Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650)

【机构】 中国科学院华南植物研究所；

【摘要】 由于广东省和海南省一直处于热带、亚热带气候条件下,第四纪冰期几乎没有影响这个地区的植被,这为植物物种的产生和分化提供了重要的条件。中国种子植物特有属在广东及海南地区自然分布有62属(包括90种5变种),其中裸子植物3属3种,被子植物59属87种5变种。在被子植物中,双子叶植物占50属70种,5变种;单子叶植物占9属17种。在62个特有属中,单种属有37属,占总数的59.7%。本地区种子植物特有属15个,占分布本地区特有属总数的24.2%。分布在本地区的特有属数目(62属)占全国特有属(243属)的25.5%。苦苣苔科、禾本科和野牡丹科含特有属比例较高,约占分布本地区特有属总数的35.5%。通过对这些属的生活型进行分析,发现草本植物特有属在本地区所产的中国种子植物特有属中所占比例高达45.2%,而常绿乔木和多年生草本(两者共40属,占64%)为本地区的主要植被类型。这62个中国种子植物特有属根据其分布范围可以将之分为6个类型:广布属、相对广布属、秦岭-淮河以南分布属、以华南和华中为主要分布中心的属、以华南为分布中心的属和华南特有属,其中华南特有属包括23属,占同类属的37.1%。从各属的分布地点可以看出,广东省的粤北和粤西以及海南省的五指山地区为本地区所产中国种子植物特有属的主要分布中心。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tropical and subtropical climates, together with little influences of the Quaternary ice age, provided important habitats for seed plants to evolve generation and diversify themselves. There are 62 endemic genera (including 90 species and 5 varieties) of Chinese seed plants distributed in this area. Of them, 3 genera belong to Gymnospermae and 59 genera belong to Angiospermae. Thirty-seven mono-species genera made up 59. 7% of the total endemic genera (62) of Chinese seed plants from Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. There are 15 genera endemic to this area. The endemic genera from gesneriaceae, Poaceae and Melastomataceae make up 35. 5% of the total 62 genera. Based on the statistics to the life form of these genera, the genera of herbaceous plants contribute a substantial proportion (45%), and perennial herbs and evergreen trees, which sum to 40 genera together, are the main life forms. Moreover, perennial herbs and evergreen trees are important components of the tropical and subtropical flora. The 62 genera can be divided into 6 groups according to their distribution ranges. Group Ⅰ : genera distributed widely (6 genera). Group Ⅱ : genera distributed relative widely (4 genera). Group Ⅲ: genera limited to the South area from Qingling Mountain to Huaihe river (11 genera). Group Ⅳ : genera distributed mainly in South China and Central China proper (6 genera). Group Ⅴ: genera distributed mainly in South China (12 genera). Group Ⅵ: genera endemic to South China (23 genera). The N. & W. Guangdong and Wuzhishan Mountain in Hainan province are the important areas for the endemic genera of Chinese seed plants according to the statistics of the location of every genus from Guangdong and Hainan.更多还原