【作者】 洪德元； 葛颂； 张大明； 汪小全； 程树志；

【Author】 Hong Deyuan,Ge Song,Zhang Daming,Wang Xiaoquan,Cheng shuzhi (Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044)

【机构】 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室；

【摘要】 物种濒危和灭绝的机制是生物多样性保护中的重大问题,也是保护生物学所要解决的核心问题之一.本文简要地回顾了稀有和濒危植物研究的历史,介绍了导致植物稀有和濒危的各种因素.植物稀有和濒危的第一类因素来自人类的直接干扰破坏,包括生境的破坏(森林砍伐)、土地的使用、人类的利用以及分类学的缺陷等;第二类因素来自植物内部的生物学特性和其所处环境条件的变化,包括类群的进化历史,生殖生物学特点,生态环境因子,居群的遗传结构和动态等等.通过对上述各种植物稀有和濒危机制的分析和讨论,提出了植物稀有和濒危机制研究的主要原则和方法.更多还原

【Abstract】 To understand the causes of rarity,endangerment and extinction in plants is the major concern in biological conservation and the critical area of research in conservation biology.In this paper,we shall briefly review the history of the research work concerning rare and endangered plants,and then intreduce the possible reasons why plant species are rare and endangered.The first class of factors to cause the rarity and endangerment in plants come mainly from direct effects of human intervention including habitat destruction(deforestation),land management,human uses, taxonomic artifacts,etc.The second class of causes relates to the intrinsic properties of plants and the environment where plants live,i.e.,speciation and evolutionary history,reproductive biology.ecological factors population genetic structure and dynamics,etc.Based on theelucidation and discussion about those causes,several principles and approaches are proposed to study the confounding factorsof plant rarity,endangerment and extinction.更多还原