【作者】 丽娜·马达尼亚孜； 王佳佳； 潘小川；

【Author】 Lina Madaniyazi(Postgraduate),Xiaochuan Pan(Professor),Jiajia Wang(Postgraduate) Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sciences,School of Public Health, Peking University,38 Xue Yuan Road,Beijing 100191,PR.China

【机构】 北京大学医学部公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系；

【摘要】 目的研究大气颗粒物中金属元素质量浓度与学龄儿童日均PEFR值之间的相关性,探讨大气颗粒物中金属元素对学龄儿童肺功能的影响。方法分别于2005年3月28日-5月2日及2006年4月27日-6月5日对内蒙古包头市2所小学225名小学生进行每日3次的PEFR的测定,同时监测和检测每日PM₁₀及PM_2.5的质量浓度及其中的金属元素的质量浓度。通过问卷调查了解儿童年龄、性别、身高、体重、哮喘病史、慢性呼吸系统疾病家族史、被动吸烟等情况。应用SPSS13.0对数据进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 PM₁₀及PM_2.5中的Ca,Mg,Na的质量浓度与儿童日均最大呼气流速（PEFR）值之间存在负相关性（P<0.01）。PM₁₀及PM_2.5中的Pb的质量浓度只与滞后一天的PEFR值之间存在负相关性（P<0.01 ） PM_2.5中的Cr质量浓度与日均PEFR值之间存在负相关性,滞后一天的效应更为明显（P<0.01）。结论学龄儿童日均PEFR值的下降与大气颗粒物中金属元素的质量浓度的升高有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationship between the metal elements in ambient particulate matter and the peak expiratory flow rate（PEFR） of the exposed schoolchildren in China.Methods Panel study design.225 primary schoolchildren in Baotou city were recruited for the studies from March 28 to May 2 in 2005 and April 27 to June5 in 2006,respectively.In each study the PEFR values of the subjects were measured with a mini-wright peak flow meter three times a day for 40 days continuously with a standard procedure and recorded by themselves.The basic information such as gender,age,height,weight,asthma and family history of chronic respiratory disease,etc.were collected by the questionnaire from the children and their parents. The daily concentration of PM10 and PM_2.5 was monitored every day,and the contents of K,Ca, Na,Mg,Pb,Cr and Cd in the PMs were determined.The SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results A negative correlation was observed between the average PEFR values and the concentration of Ca,Na,Mg both in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5（P<0.01）.The PEFR was significantly negative associated with daily one lag-day level of Pb both in PM10 and PM_2.5（P<0.01）.The level of Cr in PM_2.5 had a negative effect on the average PEFR values（P<0.01）,while the effect was shown more significantly 1 day after exposure to Cr（P<0.01）.Conclusions This study suggested that the concentrations of metal elements in PM such as Na,Mg,Ca,Pb and Cr are associated with a decrement of PEFR values of the exposed schoolchildren.更多还原