【作者】 张海洋； 陈建中； 杨帆； 韩志萍；

【Author】 Haiyang Zhang, Jianzhong Chen, Fan Yang, Zhiping Han (School of Life Science, Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou 313000)

【机构】 湖州师范学院生命科学学院；

【摘要】 龙葵和少花龙葵为茄科、茄属1-2年生草本植物,生于田间、田缘、路边及村庄附近。龙葵分布于东北、华北和西北等全国多数省区;少花龙葵分布于广东、广西、福建、浙江、江西、湖南等江南各省区。两种龙葵果实可食用,全草入药,有清热解毒,散瘀消肿,治疗喉痛功效。少花龙葵嫩苗可食用,有清凉散热之功效。通过石蜡切片法制片,光学显微镜观察,对龙葵和少花龙葵茎的解剖结构进行比较研究。结果表明:两种龙葵茎的解剖结构均分为表皮、皮层和维管柱三部分。维管柱属于真正中柱,维管柱中由6束维管束组成,其中大维管束3束,小维管束3束,大、小维管束呈相间排列。龙葵和少花龙葵在茎的表面特征,厚角组织层数,相间排列特征和大维管束结构上存在差异。两者的区别是少花龙葵茎表面纵棱少而窄,有纵槽。龙葵茎纵棱多而宽,无纵槽;少花龙葵维管柱中的大、小维管束呈相间排列明显,龙葵维管柱中的大、小维管束呈相间排列不明显;少花龙葵外皮层中的厚角组织1-2层,龙葵外皮层中的厚角组织3-4层;少花龙葵大维管束中的大导管6-13个,龙葵大维管束中的大导管6-9个。龙葵和少花龙葵茎的解剖结构与同科植物酸浆(Physalis alkekengi)和(Nicandra physaloide)茎的解剖结构有明显的不同。反映了两种龙葵茎的解剖结构特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solanum nigrum and S. photeinocarpum, members of the family Solanaceae and the genus Solanum, are herbaceous plants that grow in the field and roadside and around the village. S. nigrum distributes in most provinces of north China and S. photeinocarpum exists in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, etc. The fruits of the two kinds of morel are edible, and all the parts of the plants are medicinable. They have antipyretic and detoxicating properties with detumescence. The young seedlings of S. photeinocarpum are edible with anti-heating and anti-inflammatory effects. The anatomical structures of stem from S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum were studied by the method of paraffin sectioning and optical microscopic observation. The results showed that the stem of S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum consisted of epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder. The vascular cylinder was composed of 3 big vascular bundles and 3 smaller ones. There were some differences in superficial characteristics, layers of collenchymas, arrangement characteristics of vascular bundles and the structure of big vascular bundles between S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum. The stem of S. photeinocarpum had fewer and narrower vertical arris and vertical slots while there were more and wider vertical arris in the stem of S. nigrum without vertical slot. The big and small vascular bundles in the vascular cylinder of S. photeinocarpum were arranged alternately, and not in S. nigrum. The exodermis of S. photeinocarpum had 1 or 2 layers of collenchymas cells and 3 or 4 layers in S. nigrum exodermis. There were 6-13 big vessels in big vascular bundles of S. photeinocarpum and 6-9 ones in S. nigrum. The anatomical structures of stem from S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum were obviously different from that of Physalis alkekengi and Nicandra physaloide, which are in the same family as S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum. The results from this study indicate the anatomical characteristics of stem from S. nigrum and S. photeinocarpum.更多还原