【作者】 王先彬；

【Author】 Wang Xianbin (State Key Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry,Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou,730000)

【机构】 中国科学院兰州地质研究所气体地球化学国家重点实验室；

【摘要】 综合近10多年的研究成果,论述了地球各圈层的稀有气体同位素组成特征和演化模式及最新进展;论述了非生物成因天然气理论的科学问题和所涉及的地球科学基础理论问题;阐述了岩浆与火山活动的气体地球化学特征,指出腾冲火山不是死火山,而是一个休眠的火山,存在爆发的危险性;探讨了现代构造活动与地震的气体地球化学效应,指出气体释放机理与岩石的扩容性有关。H₂、He及³He/⁴He作为地震活动的灵敏指示剂,可用来预报地震;幔源岩气体地球化学研究结果表明,地幔气体组成是不均一的,其氧化-还原特性也存在区域差异,玄武岩在上升过程受到强烈氧化作用,其氧化性气体（CO₂+SO₂）占优势, H₂主要赋存于幔源包体矿物的高温脱气部,为探讨原始未分异地幔流体的化学组成特征及其动力学演化提供有益的借鉴;大别山超高变质岩气体地球化学研究表明,榴辉岩是原地（in situ）成因的,且在陆壳俯冲过程中存在较为封闭的状态,其温压条件及幔源物质对它的影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the systematical study results in recent ten years,the compsition characteristic,evolution model and the latest advance of rare gas in every sphere of the earth are discussed,the theory of the origin of abiogenic natural gas and relevant fundamental theory of earth science are also discussed,the characteristics of gas geochemistry of magma and volcano activity are expounded,furthermore it is pointed out that the Tengchong volcano is not a extinct volcano,but a dormant volcano,and there is a risk of eruption,the effect of gas geochemistry of morden tectonic and seismic activity is exposited,and it is also pointed out that gas release is related to the dilation of rocks.As indicators of seismic activity,H₂,He and ³He/⁴ He can be used to predict earthquake.The study of gas geochemistry of mantle-derived rocks shows that the gas of mantle is not homogeneous,and the characteristic of its oxidation and reduction is also different in different region,the basalts are vehemently oxidized in the course of rising,so their volatile components are mainly composed of oxidizing gases（CO₂+SO₂）,H₂ is released from mantle xenoliths at high temperature,which offers us useful information on the characteristic of chemical composition of original mantle magma and its kinetic evolution. The geochemical study on UHP Rocks from Dabie mountains shows that eclogites were formed in situ, they were preserved in a closed system after driven to a deep position and were little influenced by the pressure, temperature and mantle-derived materials.更多还原