【作者】 侯玉玲； 程文娟； 朱文凤； 曹贵康；

【Author】 Yuling Hou;Wenjuan Cheng;Wenfeng Zhu;Guikang Cao;School of psychology,Southwest University;

【机构】 西南大学心理学部；

【摘要】 研究表明,有氧运动对心理功能的各个方面都有促进作用。如有氧运动可以提高人的认知能力、认知加工的速度和准确性并能促进问题解决的进程等。创造性问题解决作为一种重要的心理功能,理应也可以从有氧运动中受益,本研究设计了三个实验来探讨有氧运动对创造性问题解决的影响。实验一将62位被试随机分配到实验组和控制组,实验组被试先做25分钟的第九套广播体操,控制组被试不做运动,然后两组被试都依次完成发散思维(图形发散和多用途发散)问题、顿悟问题、艺术创作问题等创造性问题解决任务。结果显示实验组和控制组被试在创造性问题解决成绩上均无显著差异。根据运动强度感受不同把实验组被试分为不同等级组并与控制组进行对比,发现有氧运动的强度对创造性问题解决似乎有影响,为进一步研究该问题,设计了实验二。实验二将105名被试随机分配到低等强度、中等强度、高等强度运动组和控制组,运动组完成不同强度有氧运动后完成发散思维创造性问题解决任务,而控制组不做运动只需完成发散思维创造性问题解决任务。实验结果表明中等强度的有氧运动组被试的发散思维创造性问题解决的流畅性、变通性、新颖性和总分均显著高于其他组被试成绩。为进一步探讨有氧运动的持续效应,实验三研究有氧运动后的休息时间对创造性问题解决的影响。选取114名被试随机分配到有氧运动后休息0分钟、15分钟、30分钟的实验组以及控制组,实验组被试完成有氧运动后休息相应的时间后完成发散思维创造性问题解决任务,而控制组被试只需完成发散思维创造性问题解决任务。实验结果表明有氧运动后不休息直接做发散思维创造性问题解决任务的被试的流畅性、变通性、新颖性和总分均显著高于其他组被试的成绩,而其他组被试间的成绩差异均不显著。以上研究结果表明,适当的有氧运动有助于创造性问题结果,且这种促进作用在刚运动完时效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies show that aerobic exercise has stimulative effect on various aspects of mental function.Such as aerobic exercise can improve people’s cognitive ability,improve the speed and accuracy of people’s cognitive processing and can promote the process of problem solving,etc.Creative problem solving as an important psychological function,should also benefit from the aerobic exercise.This study designed three behavioral experiments to explore the relationship between aerobic exercise and creative problem solving.In experiment 1,62 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group participants did 25 minutes of the ninth set of Broadcast Gymnastics,and then completed the creative problem solving tasks.While the control group participants simply completed the creative problem solving tasks.We selected divergent thinking problems,insight problems and painting as the creative problem solving tasks.The results showed that there was no significant difference in creative problem solving results between the experimental group and the control group.According to the exercise intensity the experimental participant felt,divided them into different groups and compared with control group.It seemed that the influence of aerobic exercise on creative problem solving may be related to the intensity of aerobic exercise.In order to study this issue in depth,we designed experiment 2.In experiment 2,105 participants were randomly assigned to low intensity,moderate intensity,higher intensity exercise groups and the control group.Exercise group completed the aerobic exercise and then completed the divergent thinking creative problem solving tasks,while the control group only completed divergent thinking creative problem solving tasks.The experimental results showed that the score of moderate intensity aerobic exercise group was significantly higher in fluency,flexibility,originality and total score of creative problem solving than that of other groups.The results again validated the results of the experiment 1.To further explore the lasting effect of aerobic exercise,in experiment 3,we mainly studied the influence of creative problem solving tasks of aerobic exercise after the rest.The 114 participants were randomly assigned to experimental groups that 0 minutes,15 minutes or 30 minutes rest afterdoing aerobic exercise and control group.The exercise group participants rested appropriate time after did the aerobic exercise,then completed the divergent thinking creative problem solving tasks,while the control group only completed divergent thinking creative problem solving tasks.The experimental results showed that the score of aerobic exercise group that there was no rest after accomplishing aerobic exercise was significantly higher in fluency,flexibility,originality and total score of creative problem solving than that of other participants.There were no significant differences between other groups.These results indicate that aerobic exercise can improve creative problem solving,and this improvement effect reached the best right after the exercise.更多还原