【作者】 李平； 李新宇； 张宇驰； 任洁； 李伟建；

【Author】 Li Ping;Li Xinyu;Zhang Yuchi;Ren Jie;Li Weijian;Institute of Psychology,Zhejiang Normal University;

【机构】 浙江师范大学心理研究所；

【摘要】 自我调节学习条件下学习者可以自行选择学习项目并决定在这些项目上的学习时间分配。有效地选择项目进行重学是学习者进行自我调节学习时需要具备的一项基本技能,这一技能可以帮助学习者尽可能多地掌握学习项目。以往研究发现,青年人能够有效地进行重学项目选择,但针对老年人的研究结果并不一致。研究表明,老年人能够意识到由于年龄的增长而带来的记忆能力的衰退。那么,当提供额外的重学机会时,老年人能否有效地进行重学项目选择?本研究采用遵循/违背意愿范式(Honor/Dishonor),通过操纵学习项目的分值,考察青年人和老年人重学项目选择的有效性。遵循意愿条件下,重学阶段将呈现被试选择了的项目;违背意愿条件下,重学阶段将呈现被试未选择的项目。这一范式的逻辑是,如果在允许学习者自行控制其学习过程的条件下,其学习成绩优于他控条件,那么则可以认为学习者的学习决策有效。被试为35名在校青年大学生和35名社区敬老院老年人。研究结果发现:(1)重学选择阶段,青年人主要选择未被充分学习的项目,而老年人更多选择5分项目;(2)遵循意愿条件下老年组被试5分项目的记忆成绩优于1分项目,而青年组被试的结果恰好相反,即遵循意愿条件下1分项目的记忆成绩优于5分项目;(3)青年人总体记忆成绩优于老年人,但5分项目上的记忆成绩不存在年龄差异。这些结果说明,分值条件下,老年人可以进行有效的重学项目选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-regulated study conditions allow people to choose what information to study,in addition to how long to study it.Effectively selecting items for restudy is a fundamental skill needed during self-regulated learning which can help learners learn more items.Previous studies have found that younger learners can choose items for restudy effectively,but the older learners‘ studies produced mixed results.In light of older adults are aware of age-related changes in memory performance,Can they choose items for restudy effectively when provide additional restudy chance? The effects of value on effectiveness of restudy choices in younger and older learners are investigated by using a honor or dishonor procedure.Learners either restudied the items they chose(in the honor condition) or the items they did not choose(the dishonor condition).The logic is,if people do better when allowed to control their study than when in the control condition,their study strategies must be effective.The results were as follows:(1) Younger participants preferred to restudy the items that they had rated as least-well learned,but older participants restudy more high value(5-point) items;(2) For younger participants,1-point value itemsperformance on honor condition was reliably higher than on dishonor condition,but for older participants,5-point value items performance on honor condition was reliably higher than on dishonor condition;(3) Young participants performance were higher than older participants,but for 5-point value items,age-related difference was not reliably.Overall,the date suggests that older learners can exert effectiveness item restudy choices on value condition.更多还原