【作者】 宁睿婧； 张雪岩； 杨扬； 王孟元；

【Author】 Ruijing Ning;Xueyan Zhang;Yang Yang;Mengyuan Wang;School of Psychology,Beijing Normal University;

【机构】 北京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 言语感知能力老龄化是随着年龄的增长,在噪声环境中的言语感知能力逐渐下降的现象。这一现象的产生会降低人们在日常环境中的言语交流能力,严重影响生活质量。听觉时间加工老龄化是引起言语知觉困难的一个重要因素,而考察听觉时间加工能力的一项重要行为指标是双耳相关性加工。现有研究表明,经历长期音乐训练的成年人在噪声环境中的言语识别能力显著优于与之听力相当但从未经过音乐训练的同龄人。本研究就此提出假设,在听力水平相当的情况下,这种优势可能来源于音乐训练带来的听觉时间加工能力提升。本研究采用2I2AFC范式,测量经历过音乐训练和未经历音乐训练的两组被试在不同的耳间延迟条件下对双耳相关性变化(相关性由0到1,或由1到0变化)觉察的能力是否存在差异。结果表明,无论双耳相关性变化的方向如何,经历过音乐训练组的被试在所有条件上的正确率和反应时均显著优于非音乐训练组的被试。随着耳间延迟增加,所有被试的正确率都呈下降趋势。耳间延迟为0毫秒和2毫秒时的正确率都在92%之上,显著高于4毫秒和6毫秒时的正确率(平均为88%),而4毫秒时的正确率也显著高于6毫秒时的。在反应时方面,所有被试的反应时都随着耳间延迟的增加而显著延长。且当存在耳间延迟时,无论延迟时间长短,被试都对双耳相关性由0到1的变化方向更为敏感,表现出更高的正确率。这些结果在证明了耳间延迟对双耳相关性加工的影响的基础上进一步揭示出音乐训练经历对成年人双耳相关性加工的影响,并指出音乐训练可以一定程度地提高双耳相关性加工能力。此结果为进一步探索音乐训练延缓和改善言语感知能力老龄化提供了理论基础,具有较大应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ability to percept speech in noisy reverberant environments gradually declines with age.This phenomenon,called the aging of speech perception,detrimentally influences people‘s verbal communication in everyday life,and seriously affects the living quality of older adults.Among factors contributing to the difficulty of speech perception,the aging of auditory temporal processing was proved to be the most important one.The key behavior measurement of auditory temporal ability is to test interaural correlation.There were evidences indicating that comparing with the people who did not take any musical training before,those with long-term musical training experience showed significantly better performance in speech in noise(SIN) perception tasks,even they had comparable hearing thresholds.Therefore we hypothesize that,providing their equivalent absolute hearing thresholds,the difference in hearing in noise may be attributed to the advanced temporal processing ability brought about by long-term musical training.By using the 2I2 AFC paradigm,the current study explored the difference of interaural correlation detection ability between musical training and non-musical training groups under certain interaural delays and correlation changing directions(from 0 to 1 and from 1 to 0).The results showed that the participants in musical training group got significantly higher accuracy and shorter reaction time than non-musical training group under all conditions.With the interaural delay increasing,all participants‘ accuracy showed a decreasing tendency.For the interaural delays of 0 ms and 2 ms,all participants achieved over 92% accuracy,which was significantly higher than that(an average of 88%) of 4 ms and 6 ms delays.And all participants‘ reaction times significantly increased with the delay.Finally,whenever the interaural delay exists,all participants were more sensitive and accurate in detecting the interaural correlation change from 0 to 1 than that of the opposite correlation change direction.These results replicated the previous findings that the interaural delay influences the detection of interaural temporal correlation;and the influences tend to be different between segregation and integration conditions.Most importantly,the results indicated that musical training could enhance interaural correlation processing ability.The discovery is a big step forward in proving the hypothesis that musical training slows the aging of speech perception by enhancing temporal processing functions,and serves as basis for the development of a training method to help older adults with speech perception problems.更多还原