【作者】 李宏汀； 胡梦； 王笃明；

【Author】 LI Hong-ting,HU Meng,WANG Du-ming Department of Psychology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou,310018

【机构】 浙江理工大学心理学系；

【摘要】 指路标志作为六大类交通标志之一,主要用于传递道路方向、地点和距离信息等。城市道路的井字网状结构决定了其平交路口指路标志版面信息较之高速公路指路标志信息更为复杂和繁多。因此,基于用户出行心理需求确定指路版面该呈现哪些信息要素就成为指路标志设计中需要解决的首要问题。Kano模型是基于赫茨伯格双因素理论的用户需求确定模型,可将产品属性分为必备型(M)、期望型(O)、惊喜型(A)、无所谓型(I)以及反向型(R)等用户需求。本研究在焦点小组和深度访谈的基础上编制Kano问卷,构建指路标志版面要素的Kano模型,确定版面要素的用户需求模型。目的:确定版面要素用户需求模型,即确定指路标志版面该呈现哪些信息要素,各信息要素所属用户需求属性类型及各自的需求等级顺序。方法:在综合现状调研获取的现有版面要素类型及焦点小组和深入访谈发掘的用户版面要素需求基础之上,编制指路标志版面要素需求的Kano调查问卷,对105名异地出行者和111名本地出行者进行了调查。结果:(1)出行者在陌生环境中寻路时最常借助的措施是"参照指路标志"。(2)出行者大部分(76.9%)都认为在陌生城市寻路过程中,指路标志的作用非常重要。(3)被调查者认为现有指路标志存在的最大的问题为指路标志版面要素类型不全,难以满足出行者需要。(4)确立了各版面信息要素的KANO属性归类,其中属于期望型(O)的有方向信息标识;属于惊喜型(A)的有当前所在位置信息、距离信息、标志性建筑或地名信息、门牌号码区段信息;属于无所谓型(I)的有同方向多条路名、英语、拼音或当地常用语言标注信息。结论:除路名信息之外,指路标志版面信息要素呈现的优先顺序如下:①方向标识信息(期望型(O)),②当前所在位置信息(惊喜型(A)),③距离信息(惊喜型(A)),④标志性建筑或地名(惊喜型(A)),⑤门牌号区段(惊喜型(A)),⑥同方向多条路名(无所谓型(I)),⑦英语、拼音或当地常用语言标注信息(无所谓型(I))。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the six important traffic signs,guide sign is used to transfer information such as road name,direction and distance.The information elements on guide sign at grade crossing of urban road,determined by the grid structure of urban road,are more complex and various than the guide sign of expressway.So the prior task in guide sign design is,based on the analysis of passenger’s psychological need,to find out which information elements on the guide sign should be displayed.The Kano’s theory is a user requirement analysis model derived from Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene theory.The Kano’s theory explains the relationship between the degree of sufficiency and customer satisfaction by classifying the quality attributes into five categories of perceived quality:1) must-be quality;2) one dimensional quality;3) attractive quality;4) indifferent quality;and 5) reverse quality.In this study,we try to construct the user requirement model of elements of guide signs,and find out which elements should be displayed on the guide signs.Objective:Construct user requirement model of elements of guide sign.Methods:Based on the survey of guide sign elements and the result of Focus Group and In-depth interview,a questionnaire was developed according to the Kano’s theory.105 strange passengers and 111 familiar passengers were investigated.Results:(1) The most frequently used navigation aid in wayfinding in strange environment was guide sign.(2) Most of the passengers(76.9%) considered the guide sign was very important in wayfinding in strange environment.(3) The most serious problem of guide sign was the elements were not enough for passengers.(4) The elements of guide sign were classified into different categories.Direction information was of one-dimensional quality;Current position information,distance,landmark and house number ranges were of attractive quality;More roads in the same side and names in English,Bopomofo or local language were of indifferent quality.Conclusion:Besides the necessary road name,the display priority of other guide sign elements were as follows:①Direction information(O);②Current position information(A);③distance(A),④landmark(A),⑤house number range (A),⑥More roads in the same side(I)),⑦Names in English,Bopomofo or local language(I).更多还原