【作者】 张雨青； 吴恺君；

【Author】 Yuqing Zhang,Kaijun Wu Institute of Psychology,CAS,Beijing 100101,

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所；

【摘要】 自然灾害对人的心理影响有两个方面,一个是消极的影响,比如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),抑郁、焦虑等,另一个是积极的影响,比如创伤后成长(PTG)。本研究探讨我国自然灾害幸存者创伤后成长的基本因素结构,并比较其与西方幸存者表达的创伤后成长的差异,以进一步了解中国文化背景下创伤后成长的特点并为其测量工具的本土化提供依据。本研究以2010年8月7日舟曲泥石流灾区为例,运用目的性抽放的方法,对63名幸存者进行了开放式访谈,根据录音的访谈记录进行编码分析,以描述语词的出现频次为基础获得了他们在灾后感知到的创伤后成长的基本条目,形成了一个测查我国自然灾害后幸存者的创伤后成长量表。然后,再以此为基础,在2012年云南彝良地震后三个月,应用于318名灾后幸存者的测查。因素分析后的获得了四个因素的基本结构:积极的自我知觉(14个条目),新的生活目标(11个条目),发展人际关系(9个项目),对国家和社会的积极信念(5个条目)。这与Tedeschi和Calhoun提出的五个因素的PTG模型略有不同,没有出现宗教的信仰和利他行为的因素。本结果说明了中国文化背景下的创伤后成长因素有其独特之处,其稳定性的深入意义尚需要进一步的研究证实。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are two sides of psychological influences on victims in natural disasters,one is negative outcomes like posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),depression,anxiety and etc,another is positive outcomes which is posttraumatic growth(PTG).This study tries to explore the basic factor structure of the posttraumatic growth for Chinese victims in natural disasters,to compare the differences with the PTG in Western victims,and to know more about the characteristics of the PTG in Chinese cultural background so as to provide the knowledge of the indigenous testing tools.This study interviewed a sample of 63 survivors from Zhouqu Country with five open questions.Based on the analysis on the descriptors of high frequency to the audio-recorded the responses of the victims,we have the basic items of the posttraumatic growth inventory.Then we used this inventory in 318 survivors from Yiliang earthquake in about three months after the earthquake.There are four dimensions emerged after the exploratory factor analysis on the data: positive self-perceptions(11 items),new plans of life(11 items),development of interpersonal relationship(9 items) and positive believes of country and society(5 items).This structure is somewhat different from the PTG model with five dimensions by Tedeschi and Calhoun(1996). And there are not the individual dimensions on spiritual change and altruistic behavior.These results showed that unique structure of the PTG in Chinese cultural background.The stability of this inventory should be explored in the further studies.更多还原