【作者】 杨小钧； 李海青；

【Author】 Yang Xiaojun~1,Li Haiqing~2 1 School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,710062 2 School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097

【机构】 陕西师范大学心理学院； 南京师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 良心是一个古老的话题,其包含的内容十分广泛,既具有历史文化的传承性,又具有时代特色的新颖性。为了探讨当代大学生良心内隐结构,本研究采用社会效度的方法,分为研究一和研究二。研究一:采用字词联想法收集数据,依据概念的激活扩散模型,以"良心"一词为刺激材料,让370名大学生被试进行自由联想,本实验选取前60个高频词语(联想频率在4.0%以上)作为分析单位,并做成规格为15cm*2cm的纸条,每个纸条正面左端书写一个高频词语,纸条背面右端书写该词的编号(1-60),每60张纸条为一套,共6套。另请80名大学生被试进行分类,基于字词意义之间的亲疏程度实施初步系统聚类分析,结果得到5个高阶簇:①德;②爱;③义;④仁;⑤信。在研究一中,高阶簇"德"簇占据了"良心"概念累计联想词的77%,这就在很大程度上狭隘了良心的结构,基于研究一的缺陷,也为了使良心结构更加精准,进行研究二。研究二:将60个高频词制作成评定问卷,请323名大学生按照每个词汇与"良心"概念的接近程度进行评价,对60个词汇进行因素分析,并根据每个词汇的负荷值情况筛选出30个词汇,再进行因素分析和系统聚类分析,最终得到6个因素。结果发现:(1)"良心"概念在大学生心目中是从以下六个方面来表征的:①智;②仁爱;③感恩;④义;⑤德;⑥进取。(2)性别变量在上述六个因素的良心内隐结构上存在显著差异,专业变量未达到显著性差异。同时,在各具体因素上良心内隐结构也存在不一致。这为大学生良心道德教育提供了维度框架,有利于高校德育的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the implicit structure of college students’ conscience,this study reported a preliminary descriptive approach-The social validity method,which was used to study the structure of "conscience".The social validity method was divided into two stages.Firstly, there was a pre-survey in which 370 college students made free associations of conscience on the basis of the Spreading Activation Model.After that,the researchers used content analysis and frequency statistics to deal with the words that the students gave.Then 60 conscience related words /phrases(frequency above 4.0%) were collected as units of analysis.The researchers made 6 sets of cards with the 60 high-frequency words.Next,the task was item classification by way of individual surveys.Using a set of card as a tool,80 college students were asked to classify the 60 conceptions according to their understanding of "conscience" and the relationship of those conceptions.After the classification,the statistics was analyzed by SPSS19.0.Researchers found 5 basic clusters of conscience:①morality;②love;③justice;④benevolence;⑤credit.Thirdly,in order to get a more accurate result,60 high frequency words was made a questionnaire,then 323 college students were made to assess nearness of every words to the meaning of conscience.After that,a factor analysis was made based on the assessments and 30 high frequency words were preserved based on importance.Researchers found 6 main factors.Then,another hierarchical cluster analysis was made to verify the stability of the result.Finally,the result showed as follows: (l)The structure of college students’ view on conscience is mainly composed of 6 factor:①wisdom;②benevolence;③thanksgiving;④justice;⑤morality;⑥enterprising.(2)College students’ gender had significant impact on their implicit ideas,but the major had no significant influences.This result can make contributions to developing college student’s conscience and moral education.更多还原