【作者】 杨峰； 王美芳； 钱晓萍； 刘莉；

【Author】 Yang Feng Wang Meifang Qian Xiaoping Liu li School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,NO.88,East Wenhua Road,Jinan

【机构】 山东师范大学心理学院；

【摘要】 自发特质推理是指个体在没有特定目的的情况下,根据他人行为信息推论人格特质的过程。研究发现,作为个体一种重要的认知方式,自发特质推理既受到知觉者本身特征的影响,也受到知觉对象(行为者)特征的影响。然而,以往有关自发特质推理的研究大都只单方面考察知觉者的特征或者知觉对象的特征对自发特质推理的影响。鉴于此,本研究拟采用探测词再认范式,通过两个实验考察个体的不同情绪状态(知觉者的特征)、行为者的性别(知觉对象的特征)以及两者的交互作用对自发特质推理的影响。实验1以61名大学生为被试,采用2(情绪:积极,消极)×2(句子类型:特质句子,控制句子)的两因素混合实验设计,考察了知觉者的不同情绪状态对自发特质推理的影响。结果发现,个体的自发特质推理受到个体情绪状态的影响,积极情绪组的个体能够进行自发特质推理,而消极情绪组的个体不进行自发特质推理。实验2以56名大学生为被试,采用2(情绪:积极情绪,消极情绪)×3(句子类型:性别刻板一致句子,性别刻板不一致句子,控制句子)的两因素混合实验设计,考察了知觉者的情绪状态和行为者的性别对自发特质推理的交互效应。结果发现,个体的自发特质推理受到其情绪状态和行为者性别的交互影响。具体来说,在积极情绪组,当先前呈现的照片激活的性别刻板印象与后续的行为句子隐含的特质信息一致时,个体能够进行自发特质推理;当先前呈现的照片激活的性别刻板印象与后续的行为句子隐含的特质信息不一致时,个体不进行自发特质推理;而在消极情绪组,无论先前呈现的照片激活的性别刻板印象与后续的行为句子隐含的特质信息一致还是不一致,个体都不进行自发特质推理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spontaneous trait inferences(STIs) are trait inferences that are made without intention or conscious awareness upon exposure to trait-implying behaviors.Previous researches have shown that STIs were not only influenced by features of perceivers,but also influenced by features of actors.However,a large majority of past researches into STIs partially focused on the effects of either perceivers’ features or of actors’ features on STIs and neglected interaction effects between them on STIs.Therefore,two experiments were designed to investigate the interaction effect of the mood and the actor’s gender on STIs by adopting a probe recognition paradigm.In study 1,with a sample of 61,a 2(mood:positive vs.negative)×2(sentence type:trait-implying sentence vs.control sentence) two-way mixed ANOVA(sentence type as a within-subject variable) was conducted to investigate whether the STIs were influenced by perceivers’ mood.The data analysis indicated the STIs only emerged in condition of positive mood rather than that of negative mood.In study 2,with a sample of 56,a 2(mood:positive vs.negative)×3(sentence type:gender stereotype-consistent vs.gender stereotype-inconsistent vs.control sentence) two-way analysis of variances(with sentence type as a within-subject variable) revealed a significant interaction effect between mood and sentence type.Further analyses indicated that participants made STIs when they were exposured to gender stereotype-consistent behavior sentences in condition of positive mood.Conversely,participants did not make STIs when they were presented with gender stereotype-inconsistent behavior sentences.However,subjects in condition of negative mood made STIs neither from gender stereotype-consistent behavior sentences nor from gender stereotype-inconsistent behavior sentences.更多还原