【作者】 苏红； 任孝鹏； 陆柯雯； 白新文； 郑蕊； 张慧；

【Author】 Su Hong~(1,2),Ren Xiao-peng~1,Lu Ke-wen~(1,2),Bai Xin-wen~1,Zheng Rui~1,Zhang Hui~3 1.Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Psychology 2.University of Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 3.Horizon group,Beijing 100027,China Corresponding Author:Ren Xiao-peng,Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Psychology 4 A Datun Road Chaoyang District,Beijing,China,100101.

【机构】 中国科学院心理研究所； 中国科学院大学人文学院； 零点集团；

【摘要】 随着时代的变迁和社会的发展,中国人的价值取向在发生变化。本研究以独立性价值观为切入点,通过对1950s到1990s不同年代出生的中国人的独立性进行纵向分析,采用问卷调查和档案资料分析的方法考察这一时期内中国人独立性的代际变迁规律。研究一选取了Singelis自我建构量表中的三个项目,通过自我报告法来考察被调查者的外显独立性信念,结果表明,独立性得分从1950到1990逐渐增加,出生越晚的人独立性信念越强。研究二分析了中国父母给孩子起名字的这一行为特点,结果发现:相比五十年代出生的人,九十年代的人更有可能获得一个不常见的名字。这一结果在研究三中得到同样的验证,研究三的数据来自中国公安部国家公民身份信息中心全国人口的档案资料,同样分析最常见名字和最常见十个名字的百分比变化,研究二和三均发现最常见名字和最常见十个名字的百分比从1950s到1990s逐渐降低。三个研究从信念和行为两个层面研究1950s-1990s中国人的独立性变化,总的结果表明:中国人的独立性存在代际差异,具体表现为一代比一代人的独立性更强。研究三同时发现,独立性的代际变迁存在性别差异,女性比男性的独立性增加的更明显,父母给男孩起名字时并没有像给女孩那样越来越多地采用一些不常见的名字,但这一结果仍有待进一步验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent research suggests that individualism rises with modernization and industrialization.For example,Roberts and Helson(1997) found increasing individualism in a longitudinal study of women followed from young adulthood to middle age between the 1960s and the 1990s in USA who rank No.l on individualism all over the world.But most of evidence comes from western society which individualism is dominant.It needs to be explored whether it does work on other society and especially in China which embraces collectivism.This study is to explore intergenerational change of values of independence which is the character of individualism from 1950s to 1990s in three studies.We hypothesized that Chinese became more and more independent during this period. In Study 1,we selected three items from the Singe lis Scale of Independent Self-Construal to measure the explicit self-belief of 1103 residents in a household survey.As predicted,young generations were more independent than the old ones.In Study 2 and 3,percentage of Top1 and Top 10 popular names were used as the behavior indicator of independence which had proved by a few studies(Varnum & Kitayama,2011;Twenge,Abebe & Campbell,2010).The data of Study 2 came from 3173 residents of a household survey and data of Study 3 from 97 million Chinese from National Citizen Identity Information Center.We found that percentage of Top1 and Top 10 popular names decreased along time,implicating the growing independence of Chinese. Taken together,the results showed that Chinese became more and more independent on both belief and behavior from 1950s to 1990s.This research enriches the theory of rise of individualism along modernization and industrialization even within collectivism culture.Furthermore,there were gender differences in which women changed more obviously than men.更多还原