【作者】 吴静； 张雷；

【Author】 Jing WU Lei CHANG Department of Educational Psychology,The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong

【机构】 香港中文大学教育学院教育心理学系；

【摘要】 生命史理论认为,为了适应环境,人们采取不同的策略将有限的时间和资源分配给不同活动、分配给现在及未来。本研究从生命史理论的角度调查与分析了儿童时期环境不确定性与青少年时期的生命史策略之间的联系。在对702名来自中国西南地区三所初中的青少年调查研究发现,儿童时期的环境不确定性(包括灾难和意外、家庭成员去世、父母缺失尤其是父亲缺失、搬家、转学等)会加快青少年时期的生命史策略(表现为:更短的未来取向、更低的冒险认知、更高的冒险倾向、及更多的冒险行为)。这些环境不确定因素对生命史策略既有直接影响,又有间接影响。其中,儿童时期接触或经历的环境不确定因素(包括灾难和死亡事件、生活大的变动、父母缺失时间等)越多,青少年时期的冒险倾向越高。另外,青少年对于环境不确定性的主观感受、对于父母关爱的主观感受、以及其未来取向都在其早年的生活不确定性与冒险(认知与行为)之间起完全或部分的中介作用。早年的环境不确定性因素让儿童认为未来的不确定性会同样高,于是把能量和时间投资于当前而不是未来。这些发现使我们能够更好地从生命史理论的角度来理解和解释人类行为的发展过程,同时也从进化心理学的角度为人类冒险行为做出解释,冒险行为是人类为对抗环境不确定性产生的适应性策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exposed to higher uncertainty during childhood is expected to lead to a belief that the environment and the future will be similarly uncertain.This belief accelerates life history tradeoff strategies afterwards.This study investigated the association between a series of early childhood environmental uncertainties and life history tradeoff strategies of adolescence.Based on 702 junior middle school students in Southwest China,early childhood environmental uncertainties, including disasters and accidents,death of family members,parental especially paternal absence, and family relocation,were associated with fast life history strategies including short future orientation,low risk-taking perception,and high risk-taking tendency and behavior.These early life uncertainties happening during childhood had both direct and indirect effects on fast life history strategies.Adolescents’ subjective feelings about environmental uncertainties,parental warmth,and future orientation also mediated some of the relations between early life uncertainties and risk taking perception and behavior during adolescence.These findings prompt us to apply concepts from life history theory to enhance our understanding of human behavior development, and also provide an evolutionary explanation of adolescents’ risk taking tendency as an adaptive strategy to race with environmental uncertainties.更多还原