【作者】 康丽； 王凤龙； 陈文秀； 董会芹；

【Author】 KANG Li WANG Feng-long CHEN Wen-xiu DONGHui-qin School of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China

【机构】 山东师范大学；

【摘要】 幼儿责任心即幼儿对自身应承担的责任、在道德实践活动中的感受和负责行为等的认识(李洪增,2002)。责任心在幼儿心理发展中具有重要地位,它是幼儿个性、社会品质的重要组成部分,也是幼儿心理健康的基本要素。责任心的形成与发展不是一蹴而就的,而是主客观因素共同作用的结果。其中主观因素主要包括个体的认知水平、个性品质等方面,如Bearison等(1980)研究发现幼儿道德责任判断受记忆、理解因素的影响;客观因素主要包括家庭、学校教育和社会文化等方面。家庭是幼儿最初的成长场所,对幼儿的发展重要意义。而目前的研究对与幼儿责任心相关联的家庭因素缺乏清晰地概念框架。大部分有关家庭结构、教养因素等与幼儿责任心发展关系的研究只是单独考察某一因素的作用,这可能会造成对某些家庭因素与幼儿责任心发展间关系的解释存在混淆或重叠,从而对另一些家庭因素与幼儿责任心发展的关系缺乏考察。本研究拟使用问卷调查法考察幼儿责任心发展的一般特点及其与家庭功能之间存在的关系。研究被试为济南市两所公立幼儿园的220名幼儿,其中小班55名(男孩29名,女孩26名),中班69名(男孩40名,女孩29名),大班96人(男孩50名,女孩46名)。幼儿责任心的测评工具是上海李洪增先生2002年编制的幼儿责任心家长问卷,家庭功能的测评工具是陈欣银编制的家庭功能问卷。结果发现:(1)幼儿责任心发展不存在性别差异;(2)总体上讲,幼儿责任心发展水平除了与问题解决呈显著负相关外,与角色、情感反应、情感介入都呈显著正相关。具体而言,幼儿对己责任、家庭责任和团体责任三个维度与问题解决呈显著负相关,对己责任、家庭责任、团体责任和社会责任四个维度与情感介入呈显著正相关;(3)问题解决能够负向预测幼儿责任心发展水平,情感反应能够正向预测幼儿责任心发展水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Children’s responsibility is the idea of their responsibilities,the feel in the moral practice and responsible behavior by themselves(Li Hongzeng,2002).Responsibility plays an important role in the psychological development of children.It is not only an important part of the children’s personality and social quality,but also the basic elements of the mental health of children.The formation and development of the responsibility is not accomplish at one stroke,but a results of the concerted action of manifold factors.The subjective factors include cognitive level, individual character and so on,Such as the Bearison’s(1980) study found that children’s moral judgment of responsibility influenced by memory,understanding power.The objective factors include family,school education and social culture.Family as the primary sites of children’s growth is significant for their future development.But current research about family factors associated with children’s responsibility lack a clearly conceptual framework.A majority of Study on the relationship between the family structure,education factors and the development of the children’s responsibility is discussed by one factor.This may lead to the interpretation of the relationship between the family factors and the development of the children’s responsibility confusion or overlap,Thus the relationship of some other family factors and the development of the children’s responsibility lack of investigation.This study use questionnaire survey to explore the general characteristics of the development of the children’s responsibility and the relationship with family function.Subjects were 220 children from two public kindergarten of Jinan city.The sample consisted of 55 from the bottom class(29 boys and 26 girls),69 from the middle class(40 boys and 29 girls),96 from the top class(50 boys and 46 girls).The development of the children’s responsibility was measured by the Children’s responsibility questionnaire which was development by Li Hongzeng in 2002.Family function was measured by the family function questionnaire which was compiled by Chen Xinyin.Results showed that:(l)There were no gender differences in children’ lying behavior.(2)In general,the development of the children’s responsibility negatively related to problem sloving,and it was positively related to roles, affective responsiveness and affective involvement.Specifically,the children in this period associated negative correlated with problem sloving in three dimension which were responsibility to themselves,responsibility to family and responsibility to group and it was associated positive correlated with affective involvement in four dimension which were responsibility to themselves, responsibility to family,responsibility to group and responsibility to social.(3)Problem sloving had significant negative effect on the development of the children’s responsibility,and affective responsiveness had significant positive effect on the development of the children’s responsibility.更多还原